帕乌斯托夫斯基小说中转折连词结构的句法分布与语篇功能：基于语料库的研究

Adversative Conjunction Constructions in K. G. Paustovsky’s Short Stories: A Corpus-Based Study of Their Syntactic Distribution and Discourse Functions

摘要: 本文以帕乌斯托夫斯基短篇小说为研究对象，考察转折连词结构在不同句法层级中的分布特征及其语篇功能。基于作家1929~1961年间创作的50篇短篇小说构建语料库，共识别出1141例转折并列结构，并在此基础上结合定量统计与定性分析考察其使用特征。研究结果表明，连词а (50.4%)与но (36.1%)构成语料中表达转折关系的核心手段，而же、только、да和а то等形式的使用频率相对较低；однако与но зато的使用则极为有限。从句法分布来看，转折结构主要用于连接并列复合句中的分句(41%)以及语篇层面的独立句(39.4%)，而在简单句内部连接同类成分的比例相对较低(19.6%)。研究进一步表明，在帕乌斯托夫斯基的小说语篇中，转折连词结构不仅是并列关系的形式标记，也是推动叙事发展、凸显语义对比和组织篇章衔接的重要手段；不同转折连词在使用频率与语篇功能上还呈现出一定的分化趋势。通过将句法分析与语料库方法相结合，本文加深了对现代俄语转折关系表达方式及其层级分布特点的认识，并为理解其在文学语篇中的功能提供了新的观察视角。

Abstract: This study examines adversative conjunction constructions in the short stories of K. G. Paustovsky, focusing on their distribution across different syntactic levels and their discourse functions. Drawing on a corpus of 50 short stories written between 1929 and 1961, the study identifies 1141 instances of adversative coordination and combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to investigate their usage patterns. The findings show that the conjunctions а (50.4%) and но (36.1%) constitute the core means of expressing adversative relations in the corpus, whereas other markers, including же, только, да, and а то, occur much less frequently; the use of однако and но зато is marginal. From a syntactic perspective, adversative constructions are used primarily to link clauses within compound sentences (41%) and to connect independent sentences at the textual level (39.4%), while their use in coordinating homogeneous constituents within simple sentences is comparatively limited (19.6%). The analysis further demonstrates that, in Paustovsky’s prose, adversative conjunction constructions function not only as formal markers of coordination but also as important devices for narrative progression, semantic contrast, and textual cohesion; moreover, different adversative conjunctions display a certain degree of functional differentiation in discourse. By integrating syntactic analysis with a corpus-based approach. Through the integration of syntactic analysis and corpus-based methods, this study deepens our understanding of how adversative relations are expressed in modern Russian, clarifies their layered distribution across syntactic and textual levels, and offers a new perspective on their functions in literary discourse.