数字媒介时代的爱欲困境——基于韩炳哲思想的考察

The Crisis of Eros in the Age of Digital Media—An Inquiry through the Thought of Byung-Chul Han

摘要: 当代人类已进入数字媒介时代，数字技术以前所未有的深度介入人类的感知结构、社会交往与情感生活。本文以韩炳哲的理论为核心框架，从感知贫瘠、交往同质化、爱欲困境三个递进层面，考察数字媒介对当代人生存境况的影响。研究发现，数字媒介以消除否定性、驱逐他者为其深层运作逻辑：在感知层面，它压缩了人体验世界的维度，以“狂看”取代了具身性的丰富感知；在交往层面，算法构建的“回音室”与语言的扁平化共同抹去了与真实的他者相遇所必需的距离；在爱欲层面，他者异质性的消亡瓦解了爱欲赖以生发的存在论条件，色欲的即时满足取代了爱欲，自恋的向心结构则使力比多持续内倾，最终导向抑郁的普遍蔓延。上述危机并非偶发的文化现象，而是数字逻辑深层结构的必然产物。面对这一困境，海德格尔“泰然任之”的技术态度具有一定意义，有意识地在数字媒介之外保留与他者真实相遇的空间，或许是当代人重寻完整性的可能路径。

Abstract: Contemporary humanity has entered an era of pervasive digital media, in which digital technology intervenes in human perceptual structures, social interaction, and emotional life to an unprecedented degree. Drawing on Byung-Chul Han’s critique of digital media as its theoretical framework, this paper examines the structural impact of digital media on the human condition across three interconnected dimensions: the impoverishment of perception, the homogenization of social exchange, and the crisis of eros. The study argues that digital media operates through a deep logic of negating negativity and expelling the other. At the perceptual level, it compresses the dimensions through which humans experience the world, replacing the richness of embodied perception with “Komaglotzen”. At the level of social interaction, algorithmically constructed “echo chambers” and the flattening of language together dissolve the distance and tension that genuine encounter requires. At the level of eros, the systemic disappearance of the other’s alterity undermines the very ontological conditions from which love emerges: pornographic immediacy replaces the depth of erotic longing, while the narcissistic structure of digital selfhood turns the libido inward, culminating in the widespread cultural pathology of depression. This paper contends that these crises are not incidental cultural phenomena but necessary outcomes of the deep structure of digital logic. In the face of this predicament, Heidegger’s notion of “Gelassenheit” toward technology retains significant relevance, consciously preserving spaces for genuine encounters with others beyond digital media, may offer a possible path toward recovering human wholeness in the digital age.