肿瘤与肾脏的交叉对话——肿瘤肾脏病学核心问题与研究进展

The Cross-Talk between Cancer and the Kidney—Core Issues and Advances in Onconephrology

摘要: 肿瘤肾脏病学(Onconephrology)是肿瘤学与肾脏病学交叉形成的新兴亚专科，重点关注肿瘤与肾脏之间的复杂相互作用，致力于满足合并各类肾脏病的肿瘤患者的临床需求，并协助肿瘤医生识别、预防及治疗肿瘤诊治过程中的肾脏相关并发症。研究表明，慢性肾脏病可能与肿瘤的发生、发展相关；当肿瘤患者发生急性或慢性肾脏病时，预后较差，且标准治疗的获益降低。肿瘤患者可能合并的肾脏病复杂多样，包括急性肾损伤、慢性肾脏病、肾小球疾病、药物相关肾毒性、肿瘤溶解综合征、多发性骨髓瘤相关肾病及电解质紊乱等，这些疾病诊治难度大、个体化要求高。因此，深入开展肿瘤肾脏病学研究、加强肿瘤科与肾脏病科的多学科协作十分必要。

Abstract: Onconephrology is an emerging interdisciplinary subspecialty at the intersection of oncology and nephrology, focusing on the complex interactions between cancer and the kidney. It aims to meet the clinical needs of cancer patients with various kidney diseases and to assist oncologists in identifying, preventing, and treating renal complications during cancer diagnosis and treatment. Evidence suggests that chronic kidney disease may be associated with the development and progression of cancer, and cancer patients who develop acute or chronic kidney disease have poorer outcomes and reduced benefit from standard therapies. Kidney diseases in cancer patients are diverse, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, glomerular diseases, drug-associated nephrotoxicity, tumor lysis syndrome, multiple myeloma-related nephropathy, and electrolyte disorders, all of which are challenging to manage and require individualized approaches. Therefore, advancing research in onconephrology and strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration between oncologists and nephrologists are of great importance.