复合益生菌替代抗生素对吉富罗非鱼生长、免疫及抗病力的影响

Effects of Compound Probiotics as an Antibiotic Substitute on Growth, Immunity and Disease Resistance of GIFT Tilapia

摘要: 为评估复合益生菌在水产养殖中替代抗生素的防控效果，以吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为试验对象，设置对照组、抗生素组、复合益生菌组，系统测定生长性能、血清免疫与抗氧化指标、肠道形态及嗜水气单胞菌攻毒存活率。结果显示：益生菌组增重率、特定生长率较对照组分别提升23.56%、19.47% (P < 0.05)，饲料系数降低12.73% (P < 0.05)；血清溶菌酶、补体C3、超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于抗生素组(P < 0.05)，丙二醛含量降低31.58%；肠道绒毛高度与线隐比显著优于抗生素组；攻毒存活率达82.22%，较抗生素组提高13.33个百分点。表明复合益生菌可有效替代抗生素，促进罗非鱼生长、增强免疫与肠道健康、提高抗病存活率，为鱼类无抗养殖提供科学依据。

Abstract: To evaluate the preventive and control effects of compound probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture, GIFT tilapia were used as the experimental subjects. Three groups were set up: the control group, the antibiotic group, and the compound probiotic group. Growth performance, serum immune and antioxidant indices, intestinal morphology, and survival rate after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge were determined. The results showed that compared with the control group, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the probiotic group were significantly increased by 23.56% and 19.47% (P < 0.05), respectively, while the feed conversion ratio was decreased by 12.73% (P < 0.05). The activities of serum lysozyme, complement C3, and superoxide dismutase in the probiotic group were significantly higher than those in the antibiotic group (P < 0.05), and the malondialdehyde content was reduced by 31.58%. The intestinal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of the probiotic group were superior to those of the antibiotic group. The survival rate after bacterial challenge reached 82.22%, which was 13.33 percentage points higher than that of the antibiotic group. These results indicate that compound probiotics can effectively replace antibiotics, promote the growth of tilapia, enhance immunity and intestinal health, and improve the survival rate under disease challenge, thereby providing a scientific basis for the development of antibiotic-free aquaculture for fish.