《三国志·魏书·文帝纪》与裴注中曹丕形象异同研究

A Comparative Study of the Image of Cao Pi in the Annals of Emperor Wen (Book of Wei, Records of the Three Kingdoms) and Pei Songzhi’s Annotations

摘要: 《三国志·魏书·文帝纪》正文与裴松之注中所塑造的曹丕形象，呈现出“大同而小异”的特征。陈寿以简要之笔，在政治作为上勾勒出一位勤政务实、重视文教的开国之君，在个人性格上借他篇暗示其阴狠刻薄；裴松之则在代汉受禅、仁政宽民等处作增益式补注以强化正文之正向形象，在个人修养上借《自叙》及《典论》丰满出允文允武的立体形象，在个人性格上以《魏略》所载霍性、甄氏等事正向印证其刻薄寡恩。二者差异的根本原因，在于史家身份、时代背景与政治语境的不同：陈寿“尊魏以证晋之合法性”，裴松之则“尊魏以证宋代晋之合法性”；而史料选择上的匠心取舍，则构成裴松之“以引代评”史学笔法的基本样态。

Abstract: The image of Cao Pi as portrayed in the main text of the Annals of Emperor Wen (Book of Wei, Records of the Three Kingdoms) and in Pei Songzhi’s annotations exhibits a characteristic of “broad agreement with minor discrepancies”. Chen Shou, with concise wording, depicts from the perspective of political conduct a founding ruler who is diligent, pragmatic, and values culture and education, while hinting through other chapters at his ruthlessness and pettiness. Pei Songzhi, through supplementary annotations, reinforces the positive image in the main text, particularly regarding Cao Pi’s acceptance of the abdication from the Han and his benevolent governance, enriches his personal cultivation with a well-rounded portrait of a ruler both civil and martial by citing the Zixu (Self-Narrative) and Dianlun (Classic Essays), and corroborates his cold-blooded ingratitude using accounts of Huo Xing and Lady Zhen from the Weilue (Brief Account of Wei). The fundamental reason for these differences lies in the differing historiographical stances, historical contexts, and political circumstances: Chen Shou “honors Wei to legitimize the Jin”, while Pei Songzhi “honors Wei to legitimize the Song’s succession to the Jin”. Moreover, the deliberate selection of sources constitutes the basic mode of Pei Songzhi’s historiographical technique of “commenting through citation”.