论《娇红记》中“飞红”的主体性觉醒

On the Awakening of Subjectivity of “Feihong” in Jiao Hong Ji

摘要: 明代孟称舜《娇红记》中的丫鬟飞红，是极具突破性的女性形象，其主体性的呈现与生成，深刻折射出晚明社会的思想变革与经济转型。飞红的主体性体现在三个维度：自我价值层面，她构建独立价值体系，确立人格平等认知，否定女性对男性的生命依附；爱情实践层面，她冲破封建规训束缚，以主动示爱彰显情感自主；社会抗争层面，她大胆质疑等级壁垒，打破身份桎梏，公然反叛“门当户对”的伦理教条。飞红主体性的生成根植于晚明社会语境：思想上，心学等学说对程朱理学的解构，为个体觉醒提供了理论支撑；经济上，江南商品经济的繁荣冲击着旧有秩序，为个体价值的彰显奠定了物质基础。飞红形象实现了主体从“争取被认可”到“自我认同”的质变，成为古代个体生命自觉的重要标志。

Abstract: Feihong, the maidservant in Meng Chengshun’s Ming Dynasty novel Jiao Hong Ji, is a groundbreaking female character. The manifestation and development of her subjectivity profoundly reflect the ideological upheaval and economic transformation of late Ming society. Feihong’s subjectivity manifests across three dimensions: at the level of self-worth, she constructs an independent value system, establishes a belief in individual equality, and rejects the notion of women’s dependence on men for survival; at the level of romantic practice, she breaks free from the shackles of feudal norms and demonstrates emotional autonomy by actively expressing her love; in the realm of social resistance, she boldly challenges hierarchical barriers, breaks free from the shackles of social status, and openly rebels against the ethical dogma of “matching social standing”. The emergence of Feihong’s subjectivity is rooted in the social context of the late Ming period: ideologically, the deconstruction of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism by schools of thought such as Mind School provided theoretical support for individual awakening; economically, the prosperity of the commodity economy in the Jiangnan region challenged the old order, laying the material foundation for the assertion of individual value. The character of Feihong embodies a qualitative shift in subjective consciousness from “striving for recognition” to “self-identification”, becoming a significant symbol of individual life-consciousness in ancient times.