乡村振兴视域下的徽州祠堂活化策略研究

A Study on the Revitalization Strategies of Huizhou Ancestral Halls in the Context of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 徽州祠堂是徽州文化的重要组成部分，素有着“徽州三绝”的称号。作为朱子桑梓之乡的徽州是全国祠堂文化遗存最为丰富、底蕴最为深厚的地区之一，明清徽州素有“千祠竞立”之风。徽州祠堂形制典雅精工、气韵不凡，以粉墙黛瓦、翘角马头墙为鲜明风貌。掩映在皖南青山碧水之间，清雅古朴，尽显温婉灵动的江南神韵，素来享有“江南故宫”的美誉。其著名的三雕(木雕，石雕，砖雕)艺术和三进空间格局以图载礼，不仅仅是装饰，更是礼教和门第的象征。如今在城市化进程持续深化的背景下，传统祠堂当前普遍面临功能衰退、地域特色消解、族群乡土认同弱化三大现实难题。本文综合文献梳理与典型案例对比分析，深入剖析当前祠堂活化利用过程中存在的突出问题。在此基础上，从文化传承、业态功能、公众参与三个层面构建系统性活化更新路径，坚持以乡村振兴为核心，推动祠堂文脉活态传承。本研究成果能够为同类乡土文化遗产的保护传承工作提供理论支撑与实践借鉴，同时为乡村振兴战略的实施注入发展动能。

Abstract: Huizhou ancestral halls are a vital component of Huizhou culture, renowned as one of the “Three Wonders of Huizhou”. As the hometown of Zhu Xi, Huizhou is among the regions with the richest and most profound ancestral hall cultural heritage in China. The Ming and Qing dynasties witnessed a tradition of “a thousand ancestral halls standing in competition” across Huizhou. Characterized by elegant and exquisite forms and an extraordinary aura, Huizhou ancestral halls feature distinctive whitewashed walls, black tiles, and upturned horse-head gables. Nestled among the green mountains and clear waters of southern Anhui, they embody a refined and rustic charm, exuding the gentle and graceful spirit of Jiangnan, hence earning the reputation as the “Forbidden City of Jiangnan”. Their celebrated “three carvings” (wood carving, stone carving, and brick carving) and the three-courtyard spatial layout serve as ritual embodiments through imagery—not merely decorations but symbols of Confucian etiquette and family status. Against the backdrop of ongoing urbanization, traditional ancestral halls currently face three major practical challenges: functional decline, loss of regional identity, and weakening kinship and local belonging. Through a comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis of typical cases, this paper delves into the prominent issues in the current adaptive reuse and revitalization of ancestral halls. On this basis, it constructs a systematic revitalization framework from three dimensions—cultural heritage, functional programming, and public participation—while adhering to rural revitalization as the core driver to promote the living transmission of ancestral hall cultural heritage. The findings of this study aim to provide theoretical support and practical reference for the conservation and inheritance of similar vernacular cultural heritage, while injecting development momentum into the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.