电商企业综合运营效率的组态提升路径研究

Configurational Pathways to Improving Comprehensive Operational Efficiency of E-Commerce Enterprises

摘要: 电商企业综合运营效率的提升路径是当今的研究热点之一。本文整合资源基础观与公司治理理论，从“资源组合”与“治理结构”协同作用的整合视角出发，基于20家上市电商企业2022~2024年面板数据，运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法系统探究效率提升的多元驱动机制。研究发现效率提升存在三条具有显著差异的组态路径：分别呈现为以规模与债务约束为基础的“审慎投资型”、依托债务约束与股权集中的“集权约束型”、依赖规模经济与组织冗余的“规模冗余型”；数字化投资与数据资产并非效率提升的普遍必要条件，其作用高度依赖于企业规模与治理模式等边界条件；非提升状态主要源于基础资源薄弱、内外支撑双重缺失或资源错配。研究结论揭示了电商企业效率提升的组态逻辑与路径多样性，为企业在数字经济时代的战略规划与资源配置提供了理论依据。

Abstract: The pathways to improving the comprehensive operational efficiency of e-commerce enterprises have become a prominent research focus in the digital economy era. Integrating the Resource-Based View with Corporate Governance Theory, this study adopts an integrated perspective that emphasizes the synergistic interplay between “resource combination” and “governance structure.” Utilizing panel data from 20 listed e-commerce enterprises spanning 2022 to 2024, the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method is employed to systematically investigate the multiple driving mechanisms underlying efficiency enhancement. The findings reveal that there are three distinct configuration paths for enhancing efficiency, each exhibiting significant differences: the “prudent investment type,” which is grounded in scale and debt discipline; the “centralized constraint type,” which depends on debt discipline and equity concentration and the “scale redundancy type,” which relies on economies of scale and organizational slack. Digital investment and data assets are not universally necessary conditions for efficiency improvement; their roles are highly contingent on boundary conditions such as enterprise scale and governance models. Inefficiency primarily stems from weak foundational resources, the dual absence of internal and external support, or resource misallocation. The conclusions of this study elucidate the configurational logic and path diversity in the efficiency enhancement of e-commerce enterprises, providing a theoretical basis for strategic planning and resource allocation in the digital economy era.