火灾下钢筋混凝土结构耐火性能研究综述
Review on Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Fire Conditions
摘要: 钢筋混凝土结构因承载力高、整体性好和耐久性较好等特点，被广泛应用于各类建筑工程中，其火灾下的耐火性能直接关系到结构安全。高温作用会导致混凝土热工性能和力学性能发生变化，并引起钢筋强度、刚度及钢筋–混凝土粘结性能退化，从而影响构件承载力、变形能力和结构整体稳定性。本文围绕火灾下钢筋混凝土结构耐火性能的研究进展进行综述，首先分析高温下钢筋和混凝土材料热工性能及力学性能的变化规律；其次总结钢筋混凝土梁、柱、节点和框架结构在火灾作用下的受力响应、破坏特征及主要影响因素；最后对现有研究成果进行归纳总结。研究表明，钢筋混凝土结构耐火性能受材料性能退化、温度场分布、荷载水平、受火方式和结构约束条件等多因素共同影响。本文可为钢筋混凝土结构火灾破坏分析和耐火性能研究提供参考。
Abstract: Reinforced concrete structures are widely used in various building projects due to their high bearing capacity, good integrity, and favorable durability. Their fire resistance is directly related to structural safety under fire conditions. Elevated temperatures can change the thermal and mechanical properties of concrete and cause degradation in the strength and stiffness of steel reinforcement, as well as in the bond behavior between steel bars and concrete. These changes further affect the bearing capacity, deformation capacity, and overall stability of structural members. This paper reviews research progress on the fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures under fire conditions. First, the variations in the thermal and mechanical properties of steel reinforcement and concrete at elevated temperatures are analyzed. Then, the mechanical response, failure characteristics, and main influencing factors of reinforced concrete beams, columns, beam-column joints, and frame structures under fire are summarized. Finally, existing research findings are summarized and discussed. The results show that the fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures is jointly affected by material degradation, temperature field distribution, load level, fire exposure mode, and structural restraint conditions. This paper can provide a reference for fire response analysis and fire resistance research of reinforced concrete structures.
文章引用：宋远哲. 火灾下钢筋混凝土结构耐火性能研究综述[J]. 土木工程, 2026, 15(6): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjce.2026.156150

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