大戟属抗炎活性化合物及作用机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Mechanisms of Compounds from the Genus Euphorbia

摘要: 大戟属(Euphorbia)为大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)中最大的属之一，全球约有2000余种，广泛分布于热带、亚热带及温带地区。该属植物在传统医学中应用历史悠久，常用于治疗炎症、肿瘤、皮肤病、呼吸系统疾病等多种病症。现代植物化学研究表明，大戟属植物富含结构多样的次生代谢产物，其中二萜和三萜类化合物是其最主要的活性成分。近年来，随着分离技术与结构鉴定手段的不断进步，大量结构新颖的化合物陆续从该属植物中分离获得，并显示出显著的抗炎活性。本文基于2020~2025年发表的国内外相关文献，系统综述了大戟属不同种植物中新分离化合物的抗炎活性研究进展，重点总结了化合物的结构类型、代表性活性成分及其作用机制，以期为该属植物的药用开发及新型抗炎药物的研发提供参考依据。

Abstract: Euphorbia is one of the largest genera in the family Euphorbiaceae, comprising approximately 2,000 species widely distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide. Plants of this genus have a long history of use in traditional medicine, commonly employed to treat various ailments such as inflammation, tumors, skin diseases, and respiratory disorders. Modern phytochemical studies have revealed that Euphorbia plants are rich in structurally diverse secondary metabolites, with diterpenoids and triterpenoids being their most prominent bioactive constituents. In recent years, advances in separation techniques and structural identification methods have led to the isolation of numerous structurally novel compounds from this genus, many of which have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity. Based on relevant domestic and international literature published between 2020 and 2025, this paper systematically reviews the research progress on the anti-inflammatory activities of newly isolated compounds from various Euphorbia species. It focuses on summarizing the structural types of these compounds, representative bioactive constituents, and their mechanisms of action, aiming to provide a reference for the medicinal development of Euphorbia plants and the discovery of novel anti-inflammatory drugs.