轨道车辆轮轨作用力DIC检测方法研究

Research on a DIC-Based Measurement Method for Wheel-Rail Forces of Railway Vehicles

摘要: 针对传统轮轨力接触式测量方法在服役状态连续检测和无损监测方面存在的不足，本文采用三维数字图像相关法(3D-DIC)开展轨道车辆轮轨力非接触检测研究。获取了深盆形车轮在静态加载工况下观测区域的位移场，分析了单一载荷与复合载荷作用下的位移响应特征，并提取观测区域Y方向和Z方向的空间平均位移作为识别特征量。基于单一载荷标定试验，建立了轮轨力识别模型，并在复合工况下进行了验证。结果表明：所建立的轮轨力试验解耦方法能够较好实现轮轨力的非接触识别，在当前静态台架试验条件下，垂向力和横向力识别的平均相对误差分别为4.49%和5.96%。研究结果验证了在室温静态台架条件下3D-DIC用于轮轨力非接触识别的工程可行性，可为轮轨作用状态监测提供方法提供参考。

Abstract: To address the limitations of traditional contact-based wheel-rail force measurement methods in continuous in-service measurement and non-destructive monitoring, a non-contact measurement method for wheel-rail forces of railway vehicles based on three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) was investigated. The displacement field of the observation region on a deep-dish wheel under static loading conditions was obtained, and the displacement response characteristics under single and combined loading conditions were analyzed. The spatial average displacements in the Y and Z directions of the observation region were extracted as identification features. Based on single-load calibration tests, a wheel-rail force decoupling model was established and validated under combined loading conditions. The results show that the proposed decoupling method can effectively realize non-contact identification of wheel-rail forces. Under the current static bench test conditions, the average relative errors of the identified vertical and lateral forces are 4.49% and 5.96%, respectively. These results verify the engineering feasibility of applying 3D-DIC to the non-contact identification of wheel-rail forces and provide methodological support for monitoring wheel-rail interaction states.