汉语“没X硬Y”的构式研究

A Constructional Study of the Chinese Expression “Mei X Ying Y”

摘要: 本文以构式语法理论为框架，结合1523条真实网络语料，系统探究汉语新兴构式“没X硬Y”的构式属性、句法特征、语义机制、生成路径及语用功能。研究发现，该构式是具有形式凝固性与意义浮现性的典型构式，构式义为说话者认定行为主体缺乏X所指条件、依据或状态时仍强行实施Y行为，且带有主观评价色彩，句法上常项功能固定，可充当各类句子成分，语义上X与Y存在四类核心关系，受多重语义限制，生成机制涵盖压缩整合、构式压制、认知类推与韵律适配四方面，语用功能聚焦主观评价、情绪宣泄与人际互动。本研究细化了网络新兴否定评价类构式的研究体系，在理论上补充了主观评价类构式的生成与语义运作规律，在实践上为现代汉语网络新词编纂、网络语言规范化治理等提供了参考路径。

Abstract: This paper takes the construction grammar theory as the framework and combines 1523 real online language corpora to systematically explore the constructional properties, syntactic features, semantic mechanisms, generation paths, and pragmatic functions of the emerging Chinese construction “Mei X Ying Y”. The research finds that this construction is a typical one with formal solidity and meaning emergence. Its constructional meaning is that the speaker believes that the agent forcibly performs the action Y when lacking the conditions, basis, or states referred to by X, and it is tinged with subjective evaluation. Syntactically, the functions of the constants are fixed, and it can serve as various sentence components. Semantically, there are four core relationships between X and Y, which are subject to multiple semantic restrictions. The generation mechanism covers four aspects: compression and integration, construction coercion, cognitive analogy, and prosodic adaptation. The pragmatic functions focus on subjective evaluation, emotional catharsis, and interpersonal interaction. This research refines the research system of emerging online negative evaluation constructions. Theoretically, it supplements the generation and semantic operation laws of subjective evaluation constructions. Practically, it provides a reference path for the compilation of new online words in modern Chinese and the standardized governance of online language.