粤语特殊句式的语义角色配置规律研究——以“将”字句与“畀”字句为例

A Study on the Regularities of Semantic Role Configuration in Cantonese Special Constructions—Taking the zoeng¹ Construction and bei² Construction as Examples

摘要: 本研究以广府片粤语(广州话)“将”字句与“畀”字句为研究对象，通过与普通话“把”和“被”字句的共时对比及典型句式的语义解构，揭示其语义角色配置的独特规律。研究发现，广府片粤语句法语义角色编码呈现三大鲜明特征：首先，角色等级体系呈现刚性筛选机制，对受事“具体性”、与事“生命度”等语义特征的区分具有强制性；其次，形式标记与语义角色形成高强度绑定关系，句法形式对角色判定的制约作用更为突出；此外，语义角色互动呈现结构依赖偏向，情态成分位置、语序等句法操作对角色权重的调节更为敏感。本研究通过广府片粤语特殊句式的个案分析，既为汉语方言语义角色编码的多样性提供实证支撑，亦为语义角色理论的跨语言验证与方言适配性研究提供关键参考。

Abstract: This study takes the zoeng¹ constructions and bei² constructions in Guangfu Cantonese (Guangzhou dialect) as research objects, and systematically analyzes their regularities of semantic role configuration through synchronic comparison and semantic deconstruction. The findings reveal that semantic role encoding in Guangfu Cantonese shows three distinct characteristics. First, the role hierarchy has a rigid filtering mechanism, which mandates the differentiation of semantic features such as patient [+concreteness] and recipient [+animacy]. Second, formal markers are strongly bound to semantic roles, and syntactic forms impose more prominent constraints on role identification. Third, semantic role interaction displays structural dependence, and syntactic operations such as modal position and word order are more sensitive to the regulation of role weights. This study provides empirical support for the diversity of semantic role encoding in Chinese dialects and key references for the cross-linguistic verification of semantic role theory and dialect adaptation research.