决策角色对风险决策的影响：时间距离的调节作用

The Influence of Decision Role on Risk Decision-Making: The Moderating Role of Temporal Distance

摘要: 风险决策是日常生活中不可或缺的部分，人们不仅为自己决策，也经常为他人决策。本研究基于解释水平理论，考察决策角色(自己vs.亲密朋友)对风险决策的影响，以及时间距离(明天vs.一年后)的调节作用。采用2 (决策角色) × 2 (时间距离)完全被试间实验设计，通过问卷星招募192名在校大学生，使用风险偏好问卷测量风险决策得分(RPI值)。结果显示：(1) 决策角色主效应显著，为亲密朋友决策时的风险偏好显著高于为自己决策；(2) 时间距离主效应显著，一年后决策的风险偏好显著高于明天决策；(3) 二者的交互效应不显著，时间距离未能调节决策角色对风险决策的影响。进一步将风险决策拆分为收益与损失情境发现，上述主效应主要存在于损失情境中，而收益情境下所有效应均不显著。研究表明，决策角色和时间距离独立地影响风险决策，且这一影响主要发生在损失领域。研究结果支持了解释水平理论的基本预测，丰富了对自我–他人决策差异边界条件的理解，也为投资决策中的视角转换和时间框架选择提供了实践启示。

Abstract: Risk decision-making is an indispensable part of daily life. People not only make decisions for themselves but also frequently make decisions for others. Based on construal level theory, this study investigated the effect of decision role (self vs. close friend) on risk decision-making and the moderating role of temporal distance (tomorrow vs. one year later). A 2 (decision role) × 2 (temporal distance) between-subjects experimental design was adopted. A total of 192 college students were recruited through Questionnaire Star, and risk preference was measured using the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale (RPI score). The results showed that: (1) The main effect of decision role was significant, with higher risk preference when making decisions for a close friend than for oneself; (2) The main effect of temporal distance was significant, with higher risk preference for decisions with outcomes one year later than for those with outcomes tomorrow; (3) The interaction effect between decision role and temporal distance was not significant, indicating that temporal distance did not moderate the effect of decision role on risk decision-making. Further analysis separating gain and loss contexts revealed that the above main effects existed primarily in the loss context, whereas no significant effects were found in the gain context. These findings suggest that decision role and temporal distance independently influence risk decision-making, and this influence occurs mainly in the loss domain. The results support the basic predictions of construal level theory, enrich the understanding of boundary conditions of self-other differences in decision-making, and provide practical implications for perspective-taking and time framing in investment decisions.