中医护理技术在儿童TD管理中的应用现状与优化策略研究

Research on the Current Application and Optimization Strategies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Techniques in the Management of Pediatric Tic Disorders

摘要: 目的：儿童抽动障碍(Tic Disorders, TD)作为儿童期常见的神经精神发育障碍，其病程迁延、易复发及伴随共病的临床特征给患儿家庭与社会带来沉重负担。当前西医治疗虽以多巴胺受体拮抗剂为主流，但普遍存在镇静、代谢综合征等不良反应，且长期用药面临耐药与依赖风险，难以满足患儿对安全、长效干预的迫切需求，在此背景下梳理中医护理技术在儿童TD管理中的应用价值，弥补现有研究不足。方法：采用理论分析与文献梳理的方式，针对中医护理技术在儿童TD管理中的应用开展系统性研究，分析研究现状、争议与瓶颈。结果：中医护理技术凭借其“简、便、验、廉”的优势及整体观指导下的辨证施护理念，在缓解抽动症状、改善情绪行为及提升患儿生活质量方面展现出独特价值，逐渐成为临床关注焦点；但现有研究在干预方案的标准化、作用机制的深层阐释及高质量循证证据的构建上仍存在显著不足。结论：需通过系统梳理中医护理技术在儿童TD管理中的应用现状，剖析当前研究面临的争议与瓶颈，提出基于循证医学导向的优化策略，为构建规范化、科学化的中西医结合护理模式提供理论依据与实践参考。

Abstract: Objective: Pediatric tic disorders (TD), as a common neuropsychiatric developmental disorder in childhood, are characterized by prolonged course, high recurrence rates, and comorbidities, imposing significant burdens on affected families and society. Although dopamine receptor antagonists remain the mainstream treatment in Western medicine, they frequently induce adverse effects such as sedation and metabolic syndrome, while long-term use carries risks of drug resistance and dependence, failing to meet children’s urgent need for safe and sustained interventions. This study aims to elucidate the clinical value of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing techniques in managing pediatric TD, addressing gaps in existing research. Methods: A systematic review combining theoretical analysis and literature synthesis was conducted to examine the application of TCM nursing techniques in TD management, assessing current research status, controversies, and limitations. Results: TCM nursing techniques, leveraging their advantages of being “simple, convenient, effective, and cost-effective” along with their syndrome-differentiated care approach guided by holistic principles, demonstrate unique efficacy in alleviating tic symptoms, improving emotional and behavioral outcomes, and enhancing patients’ quality of life, making them a growing clinical focus. However, existing studies still exhibit significant shortcomings in standardizing intervention protocols, elucidating underlying mechanisms, and generating high-quality evidence-based findings. Conclusion: It is essential to systematically review the current application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing techniques in the management of childhood TD, analyze the controversies and bottlenecks in existing research, and propose evidence-based optimization strategies. This will provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for establishing a standardized and scientific integrated TCM-Western medicine nursing model.