呼伦贝尔西部草原生态系统服务功能时空演变特征

The Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Ecosystem Service Functions in the Western Grassland of Hulun Buir

摘要: 为探明呼伦贝尔西部草原生态系统服务功能的时空演变特征，为地区优化生态修复布局、制定差异化管理政策提供科学参考。本文基于2000~2024年多源遥感及气象数据，集成全球初级生产力模型、水量平衡及修正通用土壤流失方程等模型，系统评估了固碳、牧草供给、水源涵养、水土保持及生物多样性保育五项关键服务。发现近24年来区域生态服务功能整体显著提升，实现了由低水平向高水平的系统性跃迁，高水平区面积占比由8%增至20%，空间上呈明显的“东高西低”格局。然而，各项服务表现出非同步性特征：固碳等四项功能持续增强，而生物多样性保育指数受超载放牧等因素影响下降了6.98%，成为生态质量提升的短板。气候暖湿化与生态政策耦合驱动了功能向好，未来应以生物多样性恢复为突破口，实施“东优、中联、西突破”的分区精准修复策略，推动草原生态系统服务功能的整体协调与可持续提升。

Abstract: To clarify the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the ecosystem service functions in the western grassland of Hulun Buir, and to provide scientific references for the region to optimize the ecological restoration layout and formulate differentiated management policies. This study integrated the GLO-PEM, water balance, and RUSLE models to systematically evaluate five key services—carbon sequestration, forage supply, water conservation, soil conservation, and biodiversity conservation—based on multi-source remote sensing and meteorological data from 2000 to 2024. Overall ecosystem services in the region improved significantly over the past 24 years, achieving a systemic transition from low to high levels. The proportion of high-level areas increased from 8% to 20%, and a distinct spatial pattern of “high in the east and low in the west” was observed. However, the services exhibited a non-synchronous characteristic of “structural improvement but genetic degradation.” While four functions continued to enhance, the biodiversity conservation index decreased by 6.98% due to factors such as overgrazing, representing a critical weakness in ecological quality improvement. The coupling of climate warming-wetting and ecological policies drove the functional improvement. It is concluded that future ecological management should prioritize biodiversity restoration and implement a differentiated restoration strategy of “optimization in the east, connection in the middle, and breakthrough in the west” to promote the overall, coordinated, and sustainable enhancement of grassland ecosystem service functions.