基层医院血常规检验全程质量控制优化及临床应用分析

Optimization of the Whole Process Quality Control for Blood Routine Tests in Primary Hospitals and Analysis of Clinical Application

摘要: 血常规检验是基层医院临床诊疗中最基础、最常用的检验项目，涵盖红细胞、白细胞、血小板等多项指标，其检验结果的准确性直接影响疾病的筛查、诊断、治疗监测及预后评估。基层医院作为医疗服务体系的“神经末梢”，受设备条件、技术水平、人员素养等因素限制，血常规检验全程质量控制存在诸多薄弱环节，导致检验结果误差频发，影响临床诊疗的科学性与有效性。本文结合阿勒泰地区人民医院医学检验实践，系统梳理基层医院血常规检验全程质量控制(分析前、分析中、分析后)的核心环节，剖析当前存在的主要问题，提出针对性优化策略，探讨质量控制优化对临床应用的价值，结合近年研究进展与基层实践经验，为基层医院规范血常规检验流程、提升检验质量、强化临床应用效能提供循证依据，助力基层医疗服务能力提升。

Abstract: Blood routine tests are the most basic and commonly used testing items in clinical diagnosis and treatment in primary hospitals, covering multiple indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The accuracy of the test results directly affects the screening, diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment of diseases. As the “nerve endings” of the medical service system, primary hospitals are limited by factors such as equipment conditions, technical levels, and personnel quality, resulting in many weak links in the whole process quality control of blood routine tests, leading to frequent errors in test results and affecting the scientificity and effectiveness of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper, based on the medical laboratory practice of People’s Hospital of Altay Prefecture, systematically summarizes the core links of the whole process quality control of blood routine tests in primary hospitals (pre-analytical, in-analytical, and post-analytical), analyzes the main existing problems, proposes targeted optimization strategies, and discusses the value of quality control optimization in clinical application. Combined with recent research progress and practical experience of primary hospitals, it provides evidence-based basis for primary hospitals to standardize the blood routine test process, improve test quality, and enhance clinical application efficacy, and helps to enhance the medical service capabilities at the grassroots level.