平台用工视域下新就业形态劳动者身份认定与权益保障法治研究

Research on the Legal Recognition of the Identity and Rights Protection of New Employment Form Workers from the Perspective of Platform Employment

摘要: 数字技术与平台经济催生线上化、灵活化的新就业形态，外卖骑手、网约车司机等群体规模壮大，成为稳就业、保民生的重要力量。平台企业通过去劳动关系化与算法管控规避用工责任，侵害劳动者合法权益。现行劳动法固守传统从属性劳动关系标准，社保与劳动关系深度捆绑，加之算法规制机制、维权机制缺位，导致劳动者面临用工认定模糊、监管缺失、社保不足、救济受阻等困境。其根源在于传统劳动法治与平台用工适配失衡、制度供给滞后、平台逐利失范及司法裁判尺度不一。文章剖析权益保障困境与成因，从重构劳动关系认定标准、强化算法监管、推进社保脱钩、优化维权机制四方面，探寻适配平台经济的法治路径，为规范平台用工、保障劳动者权益、助推平台经济健康发展提供借鉴。

Abstract: Digital technology and the platform economy have given rise to online-based, flexible new forms of employment, with the number of delivery riders, ride-hailing drivers, and other groups expanding, becoming an important force for stabilizing employment and ensuring people’s livelihoods. Platform enterprises evade their employment responsibilities by eliminating labor relations and implementing algorithmic control, thereby infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of workers. The current labor law adheres to the traditional standard of subordinated labor relations, and social security is deeply tied to labor relations. Coupled with the absence of algorithmic regulation and a lack of effective rights protection mechanisms, workers face uncertainties in employment status recognition, regulatory gaps, insufficient social security coverage, and obstacles in seeking redress. The root causes lie in the mismatch between traditional labor law and platform employment, lagging institutional supply, profit-driven misconduct by platforms, and inconsistent judicial standards. This article analyzes the predicament and causes of rights protection, and explores legal paths suitable for the platform economy from four aspects: reconstructing the standard for recognizing labor relations, strengthening algorithmic regulation, decoupling social security from labor relations, and optimizing rights protection mechanisms. It aims to provide references for regulating platform employment, protecting workers’ rights and interests, and promoting the healthy development of the platform economy.