异化劳动理论视域下电商平台骑手劳动异化表征及消解路径

Representation and Resolution Path of Labor Alienation of E-Commerce Platform Riders from the Perspective of the Theory of Alienated Labor

摘要: 在数字经济快速发展的背景下，电商平台的兴起催生了骑手这一庞大的零工劳动群体，他们的劳动状态不仅关乎电商服务体系的稳定运行，也折射出数字时代的劳动关系与公平正义问题。基于马克思的异化劳动理论，结合电商平台骑手的劳动实践，发现电商平台骑手在劳动过程中存在明显的劳动产品异化、劳动活动异化、自身类本质异化和人与人关系异化四大表征。这些异化现象产生的根源在于资本逻辑主导、技术算法异化、制度保障缺失等。为缓解骑手劳动异化现象，推动零工经济健康可持续发展，需从规范资本行为、优化算法设计、完善制度保障等方面入手，切实维护骑手的合法权益。

Abstract: In the context of the rapid development of the digital economy, the rise of e-commerce platforms has given birth to a large gig labor group known as couriers. Their labor conditions are not only related to the stable operation of the e-commerce service system but also reflect issues of labor relations and fairness in the digital era. Based on Marx’s theory of alienated labor, combined with the labor practices of e-commerce platform couriers, it is found that there are four main manifestations of alienation in their labor process: alienation of the labor product, alienation of labor activity, alienation of their own species-being, and alienation in interpersonal relationships. The root causes of these alienation phenomena lie in the dominance of capital logic, algorithmic alienation, and the lack of institutional protection. To alleviate the labor alienation of couriers and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the gig economy, it is necessary to regulate capital behavior, optimize algorithm design, and improve institutional protection, in order to effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of couriers.