江西省农村居民健康素养现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Health Literacy among Rural Residents in Jiangxi Province

摘要: 目的：了解江西省农村村民健康素养总体及三个方面水平，探究其影响因素，提出具有针对性的提升策略。方法：6~8月，选取江西省406名农村居民为调查对象，使用一般资料调查表及中国居民健康素养调查问卷，从知识性、行为性、功能性三个维度开展健康素养问卷调查，并对调查数据进行统计分析。结果：江西省农村居民的知识性健康素养指数为4.94，处于中等水平；行为性健康素养指数为5.04，略高于中等水平；功能性健康素养指数为4.41，略低于中等水平。村民的年龄、文化程度、是否患有慢性疾病、健康状况自我评价、医保情况、医疗卫生资源利用情况均是影响村民知识性健康素养、行为性健康素养和功能性健康素养的重要影响因素(均P < 0.05)；除门诊医疗(51.7%)外，社区服务利用率均低于10%；人际(23.1%)、网络(22.9%)、电视(22.5%)成为健康知识普及主要路径。结论：江西省农村居民健康素养水平中等，但仍与城镇居民健康素养水平存在一定差距；医疗卫生资源多元化，有待更好地利用。应加强对地区村民健康素养状况的关注，通过针对性方法，提升健康素养水平。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the overall level and three-dimensional levels of health literacy among rural residents in Jiangxi Province, explore its influencing factors, and propose targeted improvement strategies. Methods: From June to August, a total of 406 rural residents in Jiangxi Province were selected as research subjects. A general information questionnaire and the Chinese Residents’ Health Literacy Questionnaire were used to conduct a health literacy survey from three dimensions: knowledge literacy, behavioral literacy, and functional literacy. The survey data were statistically analyzed. Results: The knowledge health literacy index of rural residents in Jiangxi Province was 4.94, at a moderate level; the behavioral health literacy index was 5.04, slightly above the moderate level; and the functional health literacy index was 4.41, slightly below the moderate level. Age, educational level, presence of chronic diseases, self-evaluation of health status, medical insurance status, and utilization of medical and health resources were all important influencing factors for villagers’ knowledge, behavioral and functional health literacy (all P < 0.05). Except for outpatient care (51.7%), the utilization rate of community health services was all below 10%. Interpersonal communication (23.1%), the internet (22.9%) and television (22.5%) were the main channels for health knowledge dissemination. Conclusion: The health literacy level of rural residents in Jiangxi Province is moderate, but there is still a certain gap compared with that of urban residents. Medical and health resources are diversified and need to be better utilized. Attention should be paid to the health literacy status of local villagers, and targeted measures should be taken to improve their health literacy level.