基于升降式挂烟梁的烤烟装炕装置研发与效益分析

Development and Benefit Analysis of a Flue-Cured Tobacco Loading Device Based on a Lifting Hanging Beam

摘要: 目的：针对传统烤烟装炕环节劳动强度大、作业效率低、安全风险高等问题，受自动晾衣杆原理启发，研发一种烤房用可升降式挂烟梁装置。方法：装置采用减速电机驱动、钢丝绳滑轮组传动及导轨导向结构，实现顶层与中层挂烟梁的可控升降。试验于2022~2025年在贵州省纳雍县烟区进行，共安装定型装置40套，设立对照区(传统人工装炕)与试验区，采集作业效率、用工成本等数据，并采用独立样本t检验进行统计分析。结果：应用该装置后，装烟效率由73.68杆/(人·h)提升至98.6杆/(人·h)，提升33.82% (t = 5.27, P < 0.01)；单炕装烟成本由400元降至150元，降低62.5%。结论：该装置可有效降低生产成本，消除高处坠落风险，显著改善劳动条件，具有较高的经济与社会效益，具备在类似烟区推广应用的价值。

Abstract: Objective: Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity, low operating efficiency and high safety risks in the traditional bulk curing barn loading process for flue-cured tobacco, a liftable tobacco hanging beam device for curing barns was developed inspired by the principle of automatic clothes drying racks. Methods: The device adopts a structure driven by a gear motor, transmitted by a steel wire rope pulley block and guided by guide rails, to realize the controllable lifting of the top and middle tobacco hanging beams. Experiments were conducted in tobacco-growing areas of Nayong County, Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2025. A total of 40 sets of finalized devices were installed, with a control group (traditional manual barn loading) and an experimental group set up. Data such as operating efficiency and labor cost were collected and statistically analyzed using independent-sample t-tests. Results: After applying the device, tobacco loading efficiency increased from 73.68 beams per person per hour to 98.6 beams per person per hour, an improvement of 33.82% (t = 5.27, P < 0.01); the tobacco loading cost per barn decreased from 400 yuan to 150 yuan, a reduction of 62.5%. Conclusions: This device can effectively reduce production costs, eliminate the risk of falls from height, significantly improve working conditions, and possess high economic and social benefits. It is worthy of popularization and application in similar tobacco-growing areas.