儿童青少年情绪障碍与家庭环境及教养方式的关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents and Family Environment and Parenting Styles

摘要: 儿童青少年心理健康工作是“健康中国”建设的重要组成部分，随着我国经济社会快速发展，儿童青少年心理行为问题发生率和精神障碍患病率不断上升，已成为关乎国家和民族未来的重要公共卫生问题。儿童青少年情绪障碍的发病机制涉及生物、心理和社会多因素交互作用，其中，家庭作为青少年成长的核心微系统，在塑造个体心理社会适应能力方面发挥着不可替代的作用，而教养方式则是家庭系统的外显表征。本文通过对CNKI、万方、维普和Web of science等数据库中文献的分析显示，低亲密度、高矛盾性的家庭环境特征会加剧情绪障碍风险；消极的教养方式(如惩罚严厉、拒绝否认)与双相情感障碍及抑郁等情绪问题呈显著正相关。基于此，本综述通过系统地梳理家庭环境、教养方式与儿童青少年情绪障碍的相关研究，探讨不同家庭环境及教养方式对情绪发展的影响，分析基于家庭系统干预策略的有效性，以及对系统性家庭干预——“家长学校”建设的展望，为促进儿童青少年心理健康提供理论依据和实践指导。

Abstract: The mental health work for children and adolescents is an important part of the “Healthy China” initiative. With the rapid economic and social development in China, the incidence of psychological and behavioral problems and the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents have been on the rise, becoming a significant public health issue concerning the future of the country and the nation. The pathogenesis of emotional disorders in children and adolescents involves the interaction of multiple factors such as biological, psychological, and social ones. Among them, the family, as the core microsystem of adolescent growth, plays an irreplaceable role in shaping an individual’s psychological and social adaptability, and parenting style is the external manifestation of the family system. This article, through the analysis of literature in databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, and Web of Science, shows that a family environment characterized by low intimacy and high conflict intensifies the risk of emotional disorders; negative parenting styles (such as severe punishment and rejection) are significantly positively correlated with bipolar disorder and depression and other emotional problems. Based on this, this review systematically reviews the research on the association between family environment, parenting style, and emotional disorders in children and adolescents, explores the impact of different family environments and parenting styles on emotional development, analyzes the effectiveness of family system-based intervention strategies, as well as the prospects for systematic family intervention—the construction of “parent schools”, providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for promoting the mental health of children and adolescents.