生态视角下的心理危机干预：理论脉络、重点人群与实践路径的文献综述

Psychological Crisis Intervention from an Ecological Perspective: A Literature Review on the Theoretical Context, Key Populations, and Practical Pathways

摘要: 在社会转型加速、公共卫生事件频发与生活压力持续上升的背景下，心理危机呈现出诱因多元、群体差异明显和干预场景复杂化的特点。传统研究多聚焦于个体症状识别与技术处置，而对家庭、学校、社区、医疗与社会文化环境关注不足。基于生态系统理论，本文围绕宏观社会文化与公共卫生背景、中观群体生态与支持系统、微观干预技术与实施机制三个层面，对心理危机干预的理论发展、适用对象、主要方法及现实局限进行梳理。综述表明，我国心理危机干预已由早期突发事件应急支持扩展至青少年、医护人员、慢性病患者及家属等多类人群，家庭–学校–社区协同、团体支持与认知行为干预已成为较有证据基础的实践路径；但现有研究仍存在本土理论整合不足、长期追踪有限、跨系统协同机制不清及数字技术应用规范有待完善等问题。

Abstract: Under the background of accelerating social transformation, frequent public health events and rising living pressure, psychological crises show the characteristics of diversified causes, obvious group differences and complex intervention scenarios. Traditional research focuses on individual symptom recognition and technical treatment, but pays insufficient attention to family, school, community, medical and social and cultural environment. Based on the theory of ecosystem, this paper focuses on the three levels of macro social culture and public health background, meso group ecology and support system, and micro intervention technology and implementation mechanism, and sorts out the theoretical development, applicable objects, main methods and practical limitations of psychological crisis intervention. The review shows that China’s psychological crisis intervention has expanded from early emergency support to a variety of people such as teenagers, medical staff, chronic patients and their families, and family-school-community coordination, group support and cognitive-behavioral intervention have become more evidence-based practices. However, the existing research still has problems such as insufficient integration of local theories, limited long-term tracking, unclear cross-system coordination mechanism, and the need for improvement of digital technology application norms.