马克思主义技术异化理论视域下的人工智能伦理批判

Critique of AI Ethics from the Perspective of Marxist Theory of Technological Alienation

摘要: 人工智能技术的高速发展在推动生产力跃升的同时，也引发了深刻的伦理风险。以马克思主义技术异化理论为分析框架审视，人工智能时代的技术异化逻辑非但没有消解，反而在资本逻辑驱动下呈现出新的形态，从物质生产领域的劳动异化扩展至认知架构层面的主体性危机，从显性转向隐性。生成式人工智能的类主体倾向、算法权力对劳动过程的深度规训、数据垄断对分配格局的系统扭曲，共同构成人工智能的技术异化。马克思主义批判的独特价值在于，穿透技术中性的表象，将批判矛头直指技术背后的生产关系，从而为超越异化开辟出实践创新的辩证道路。

Abstract: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, while propelling a leap in productive forces, has simultaneously engendered profound ethical risks. Examined through the analytical framework of Marxist theory of technological alienation, the logic of technological alienation in the age of AI has not dissolved; rather, driven by capital logic, it has assumed new forms—extending from labor alienation in the sphere of material production to a crisis of subjectivity at the level of cognitive architecture, and shifting from explicit to implicit manifestations. The quasi-subjective tendencies of generative AI, the deep disciplinary regulation of labor processes by algorithmic power, and the systematic distortion of distribution structures by data monopoly together constitute the technological alienation specific to artificial intelligence. The distinctive value of Marxist critique lies in its penetration of the facade of technological neutrality, directing its critical thrust at the relations of production underlying technology, thereby opening a dialectical path of practical innovation toward overcoming alienation.