数据中心浸没式液冷表面结构强化沸腾传热的研究进展
Research Progress on Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer through Surface Structure Modification in Immersion Liquid Cooling for Data Centers
摘要: 表面结构的形貌和性质对沸腾传热的强化作用是提升数据中心两相浸没式液冷散热效率的关键。本文系统总结了铜、铝表面通过表面结构优化设计与改性技术，如构建微纳结构、调控润湿性及制备多孔涂层等，以强化沸腾传热的研究进展。重点分析了不同结构表面在去离子水、电子氟化液等工质中的作用机制与沸腾传热性能表现。研究表明，表面结构与工质物性的匹配是提升临界热通量与传热系数的核心，对于铜表面，多层铜网与烧结多孔涂层实现沸腾传热性能的显著提升，对于铝表面，激光织构与微孔涂层在特定条件下可媲美甚至超越铜的性能。最后结合表面结构优化设计与改性的技术瓶颈，展望了表面结构设计和改性，以及强化沸腾传热机理的未来研究方向，为设计面向数据中心冷却的高效、可靠的两相浸没式液冷表面结构提供参考。
Abstract: The morphology and properties of surface structures play a critical role in enhancing boiling heat transfer, serving as a key factor in improving the heat dissipation efficiency of two-phase immersion liquid cooling for data centers. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in enhancing boiling heat transfer through the optimized design and modification techniques of copper and aluminum surfaces, such as constructing micro/nano structures, regulating wettability, and preparing porous coatings. The analysis focuses on the mechanisms and boiling heat transfer performance of different structured surfaces in working fluids such as deionized water and electronic fluorinated liquids. Research indicates that the compatibility between surface structures and the physical properties of the working fluid is essential for enhancing the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. For copper surfaces, multilayer copper mesh and sintered porous coatings have achieved significant improvements in boiling heat transfer performance. For aluminum surfaces, laser texturing and microporous coatings can achieve performance comparable to or even surpassing that of copper under specific conditions. Finally, considering the technical bottlenecks in the optimized design and modification of surface structures, this paper discusses future research directions for surface structure design and modification, as well as the mechanisms underlying enhanced boiling heat transfer, providing a reference for designing efficient and reliable surface structures for two-phase immersion liquid cooling in data center cooling applications.
文章引用：刘腾庆, 林浩鹏, 陈应周, 何小鹏, 向鸿飞, 张尧康. 数据中心浸没式液冷表面结构强化沸腾传热的研究进展[J]. 电力与能源进展, 2026, 14(3): 204-213. https://doi.org/10.12677/aepe.2026.143021

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