数字经济下失业保险制度改革研究

Research on the Reform of Unemployment Insurance System in the Digital Economy

摘要: 数字经济的发展正推动平台经济、灵活就业等新就业形态快速崛起。我国新就业形态劳动者与灵活就业人员规模已分别达8400万人与2亿多人，传统工业经济下的失业保险制度基于稳态劳动关系的设计，与当代新型就业特征严重脱节。当前的失业保险制度正面临制度立法不够完善、参保覆盖范围有限、非自愿失业认定标准僵化等困境。本文通过分析工业经济下失业保险的运行逻辑，结合国际经验，提出以立法完善确立公平包容基础、扩大制度覆盖范围、优化非自愿失业认定标准等改革路径，旨在推动失业保险制度从适配工业经济模式向适配数字经济模式转型，实现对全体劳动者的有效保障，为数字经济的高质量发展提供稳定支撑。

Abstract: The development of the digital economy is driving the rapid rise of new employment forms such as platform economy and flexible employment. The number of new employment form workers and flexible employment personnel in China has reached 84 million and over 200 million respectively. The unemployment insurance system under traditional industrial economy was designed based on stable labor relations, which is seriously out of sync with the contemporary new employment characteristics. The current unemployment insurance system is facing difficulties such as imperfect legislation, limited coverage, and rigid non-optional unemployment recognition standards. This article analyzes the operation logic of unemployment insurance under industrial economy and combines international experience to propose reform paths such as improving legislation to establish a fair and inclusive foundation, expanding the coverage of the system, and optimizing the non-optional unemployment recognition standards. The aim is to promote the transformation of the unemployment insurance system from adapting to the industrial economic model to adapting to the digital economy model, achieving effective protection for all workers and providing stable support for the high-quality development of the digital economy.