预约合同违约救济的类型化构建

Typological Framework for Remedies in Case of Breach of Appointment Contracts

摘要: 预约合同作为《民法典》第495条所确立的一项重要合同制度，在商事实践中应用广泛，却在司法裁判中长期面临继续履行之适用争议与损害赔偿范围模糊等难题。《合同编通则解释》第6~8条虽细化规则，但仍未解决核心争议。以“类型化”为理论主线，以预约合同的内容完备程度与意思约束程度作为关键分类要素构建类型化体系，对预约合同类型化处理，使预约合同效力产生不同效力路径。在此基础上，进一步厘清继续履行救济的适用边界，并对损害赔偿范围提出更具可操作性的认定标准，为司法实践中预约合同违约救济提供类型化的解决方案。

Abstract: As a pivotal contractual mechanism established under Article 495 of the Civil Code, advance contracts are widely applied in commercial practice yet have long faced challenges in judicial rulings, including disputes over the applicability of specific performance and ambiguous of compensation scopes. Although Articles 6~8 of the General Provisions of Contract Part Judicial Interpretation provide detailed regulations, they still fail to resolve these core controversies. By adopting “typology” as the theoretical framework and using the completeness of contract content and the degree of contractual binding force as key classification criteria, this study establishes a typological system for advance contracts, enabling them to operate under distinct legal efficacy pathways. Building on this foundation, it further clarifies the applicable boundaries for specific performance remedies and proposes more operational standards for determining compensation scopes, thereby offering a typologically grounded solution for breach remedies in advance contract cases within judicial practice.