体育锻炼行为对大学生积极心理品质的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Physical Exercise Behavior on College Students’ Positive Mental Quality

摘要: 已有研究表明大学生心理健康问题严峻。积极心理品质能帮助学生有效抵御负性事件，促进其心理健康。当前“以体强心”已经成为新时代学生心理健康“五育并举”干预模式的重要抓手。因此本研究对体育锻炼行为与大学生积极心理品质之间的关系进行探讨。采用修订后的积极心理品质问卷与国际体力活动问卷对300名大学生进行调查研究。研究结果表明：(1) 不同水平体育锻炼行为的学生间积极心理品质有显著差异F = (6.454, P < 0.001)，其中无体育锻炼行为的学生积极心理品质显著低于低、中、高体育锻炼行为的学生。低运动量体育锻炼行为大学生的积极心理品质显著低于中、高运动量体育锻炼行为的大学生(P < 0.05)；(2) 不同体育锻炼行为的大学生在积极自我、积极意义、积极健康、积极情绪(P < 0.01)、积极关系和积极投入(P < 0.05)上存在组间差异，体育锻炼水平越高，积极心理品质各维度的得分越高。(3) 体育锻炼行为能够显著正向预测大学生的积极心理品质。研究结论：体育锻炼可以有效促进大学生积极心理品质的发展。因此，建议各高校加强大学生体育课程及课外群体活动建设，促进大学生体育活动参与水平，进而实现体育活动对大学生积极心理品质塑造的正面效益。

Abstract: Existing studies have shown that mental health problems among college students are severe. Positive mental quality can effectively help students resist negative events and promote their mental health. At present, “strengthening the mind through physical exercise” has become an important approach of the “five education integration” intervention model for mental health in the new era. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between physical exercise behavior and positive mental quality among college students. A total of 300 college students were investigated by using the revised Positive Mental Quality Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The results show that: (1) There are significant differences in positive mental quality among students with different levels of physical exercise behavior (F = 6.454, P < 0.001). The positive mental quality of students with no physical exercise behavior is significantly lower than that of students with low, medium and high levels of physical exercise. College students with low physical activity have significantly lower positive mental quality than those with moderate and high physical activity (P < 0.05). (2) There are significant differences among college students with different physical exercise behaviors in positive self, positive meaning, positive health, positive emotions (P < 0.01), positive relationships and positive engagement (P < 0.05). The higher the level of physical exercise, the higher the scores of all dimensions of positive mental quality. (3) Physical exercise behavior can significantly and positively predict positive mental quality among college students. Conclusion: Physical exercise can effectively promote the development of positive mental quality in college students. Therefore, it is suggested that colleges and universities should strengthen the construction of physical education courses and extracurricular group activities to promote college students’ participation in physical activities, so as to realize the positive benefits of physical activities in shaping the positive mental quality of college students.