VR虚拟拥抱干预负性情绪的数字疗愈——基于视知觉色彩与社会存在影响调适效果的实证研究

VR Virtual Embrace Intervention for Digital Healing of Negative Emotions—An Empirical Study on the Adjustment Effect Based on Visual Perception Color and Social Existence Influence

摘要: 目的：探讨虚拟现实(VR)环境下背景颜色与在场人数对虚拟拥抱干预负性情绪效果的影响，为设计个性化VR情绪调适干预方案提供依据。方法：实验一：单因素被试内设计，N = 22，通过观看视频材料来进行负性情绪唤醒，对比暖色和冷色背景下虚拟拥抱调节负性情绪的效果，使用主观情绪自评量表(SAM)验证干预效果。实验二：单因素被试内设计，N = 20，操纵虚拟环境中的在场人数(1/2/5人)考查人际情绪调节效应对VR虚拟拥抱调节负性情绪效果的影响。结果：1) 环境颜色效应：暖色背景下VR虚拟拥抱对负性情绪的改善效果显著优于冷色背景。独立样本T检验结果显示，行为问卷指标差异显著(t = −3.088, p < 0.01)，皮电生理指标(t = 2.406, p < 0.05)，心率生理指标(t = 2.924, p < 0.01)；2) 人际情绪调节效应：各旁观者组在干预后负性情绪均显著改善；基线–唤醒–改善序列的主效应极显著，包括行为问卷(F = 53.391, p < 0.001)，皮电(F = 31.289, p < 0.001)和心率(F = 35.257, p < 0.001)，对行为和生理数据进一步分析显示：5人旁观组调节效果显著优于2人旁观组(p < 0.05)和1人旁观组(p < 0.05)。结论：VR虚拟拥抱是调节负性情绪的有效手段，在使用VR虚拟拥抱进行负性情绪调适时，选择暖色背景和多人在场的环境效果更优。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of background color and the number of people present in a virtual reality (VR) environment on the negative emotion intervention efficacy of virtual hugs, so as to provide a basis for designing personalized VR emotion regulation intervention programs. Methods: Experiment 1 adopted a one-factor within-subjects design with 22 participants. Negative emotions were induced by watching video materials, and the effects of virtual hugs on regulating negative emotions under warm-color and cold-color backgrounds were compared. The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) was used to verify the intervention effect. Experiment 2 also adopted a one-factor within-subjects design with 20 participants. The number of people present in the virtual environment (1/2/5 people) was manipulated to examine the impact of interpersonal emotion regulation effects on the efficacy of VR virtual hugs in regulating negative emotions. Results: 1) Environmental color effect: The improvement effect of VR virtual hugs on negative emotions under warm-color backgrounds was significantly better than that under cold-color backgrounds. Independent-samples t-test results showed significant differences in behavioral questionnaire indicators (t = −3.088, p < 0.01), skin conductance physiological indicators (t = 2.406, p < 0.05), and heart rate physiological indicators (t = 2.924, p < 0.01). 2) Interpersonal emotion regulation effect: Negative emotions were significantly improved in all bystander groups after intervention; the main effect of the baseline-arousal-improvement sequence was highly significant, including behavioral questionnaires (F = 53.391, p < 0.001), skin conductance (F = 31.289, p < 0.001), and heart rate (F = 35.257, p < 0.001). Further analysis of behavioral and physiological data revealed that the regulation effect of the 5-bystander group was significantly better than that of the 2-bystander group (p < 0.05) and the 1-bystander group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: VR virtual hugs are an effective means to regulate negative emotions. When using VR virtual hugs for negative emotion regulation, environments with warm-color backgrounds and multiple people present achieve better effects.