《民法典》义务情态动词汉维翻译及译法区分研究

A Study on the Chinese-Uyghur Translation and Distinction of Deontic Modal Verbs in the Civil Code

摘要: 本文以《民法典》汉维双语平行语料为研究对象，聚焦“应当、可以、不得、必须”四类核心义务情态动词，系统考察其维吾尔语翻译形式、使用频次与分布特征，结合语义、语法、逻辑关系、文体限定四维选择机制将译法分析与机制阐释深度融合，揭示汉维翻译的词语选择规律。研究发现，汉语义务情态动词在维译中呈现“一词多形、形有分工”的特点，“bolmajdu”、“lazim”、“kerɛk”、“ʃɛrt”等维语表达在强制程度、句法条件、语用功能上存在稳定差异。厘清上述区分规律，可为维吾尔语教学与汉维翻译教学提供实践指导与支撑。

Abstract: This paper takes the Chinese-Uyghur bilingual parallel corpus of the Civil Code as the research object, focusing on the four core deontic modal verbs: “shall”, “may”, “shall not” and “must”. It systematically investigates their Uyghur translation forms, frequency of use and distribution characteristics. By integrating translation analysis with mechanism interpretation under the four-dimensional selection framework of semantics, syntax, logical relations and stylistic constraints, it reveals the word selection rules in Chinese-Uyghur translation. The study finds that Chinese deontic modal verbs show the feature of “one word with multiple forms, each form performing a distinct function” in Uyghur translation. Uyghur expressions such as bolmajdu, lazim, kerɛk and ʃɛrt exhibit stable differences in terms of mandatory degree, syntactic conditions and pragmatic functions. Clarifying these distinguishing rules can provide practical guidance and support for Uyghur language teaching and Chinese-Uyghur translation teaching.