基于数据挖掘的放血疗法治疗带状疱疹规律与特点研究

Analysis of Regularities and Characteristics of Bloodletting Therapy for Herpes Zoster Based on Data Mining

摘要: 目的：运用数据挖掘技术，分析近5年放血疗法治疗带状疱疹(HZ)的临床规律及特点，为后续临床研究与实践提供参考依据。方法：检索2021年1月1日至2026年1月1日期间中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science及Cochrane Library数据库中收录的放血疗法治疗HZ的RCT，依据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选，提取相关内容，系统整理并进行描述性分析。结果：纳入文献120篇，其中57篇(47.5%)针对带状疱疹急性期，50篇(41.7%)针对后遗神经痛期(PHN)；纳入病例的中医证型以肝经郁热、气滞血瘀为主；放血针具以梅花针和三棱针应用频次较高，刺法以点刺、叩刺为主；放血部位最常见于疱疹皮损区域(含阿是穴)，共107篇(89.2%)文献报告，涉及穴位的操作以足太阳膀胱经穴最多；治疗组均采用刺络放血联合其他疗法，共形成53种联合治疗模式，其中配合拔罐疗法最为常见(106篇，88.3%)，拔罐时间以5~10分钟为主，放血量以1~5 mL居多；治疗间隔以2日1次最常见，治疗周期多为2周，总治疗次数以7次为多；在明确报告不良事件的35篇(29.2%)文献中，治疗组不良反应总发生率为6.6%，对照组为10.5%。结论：以放血疗法为主的综合方案在治疗带状疱疹方面具有一定的疗效及安全性优势，但其独立疗效尚未明确，安全性评价尚不完善，未来仍需设计严谨的临床研究进一步验证与优化。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the regularities and characteristics of bloodletting therapy for herpes zoster (HZ) over the past five years using data mining techniques, and to provide references for subsequent clinical research and practice. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on bloodletting therapy for HZ were searched in the following databases: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Sino Med, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, from January 1, 2021, to January 1, 2026. Literature screening was conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant content was extracted, systematically organized, and descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 120 articles were included. Among them, 57 (47.5%) focused on the acute stage of HZ, and 50 (41.7%) on postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). The predominant TCM syndrome types of the included cases were liver meridian heat stagnation and qi stagnation and blood stasis. The most frequently used bloodletting tools were the plum-blossom needle and the three-edged needle, with the main techniques being pricking and tapping. The most common bloodletting site was the herpetic lesion area (including Ashi points), reported in 107 articles (89.2%). Among acupoint manipulations, those on the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang were the most frequently used. All treatment groups employed pricking-bloodletting combined with other therapies, resulting in 53 combination modes. The most common combination was with cupping therapy (106 articles, 88.3%), with cupping duration primarily 5~10 minutes and bloodletting volume mostly 1~5 mL. The most common treatment frequency was once every other day. The treatment course was mostly 2 weeks, with 7 total sessions being common. Among the 35 articles (29.2%) that explicitly reported adverse events, the total incidence of adverse reactions was 6.6% in the treatment groups and 10.5% in the control groups. Conclusion: Comprehensive regimens based on bloodletting therapy demonstrate certain advantages in efficacy and safety for treating HZ. However, its independent efficacy remains unclear, and safety evaluation requires improvement. Future rigorous clinical studies are needed for further validation and optimization.