海洋环境公益诉讼中生态修复资金的监管困境与出路

The Dilemma and Way Out of the Supervision of Ecological Restoration Funds in Marine Environmental Public Interest Litigation

摘要: 在海洋环境公益诉讼的恢复性司法框架下，生态修复资金承担着受损海洋生态利益代偿与恢复的核心功能。然而，由于立法供给不足与配套机制缺失，这笔资金在收缴、存放、审批、使用等环节面临诸多现实困境。要破解这些难题，需要从制度层面加以回应：通过专门立法明确资金的法律地位，构建“行政主导、司法监督”的跨部门协同监管体制，细化联席会议的跨部门统筹与独立受托人的第三方制衡机制，引入专家论证与全周期预算审核机制以规范资金使用，并依托数字化平台建立强制信息披露与多元化社会监督体系，从而使海洋生态修复资金真正实现专款专用、惠及海洋。

Abstract: Under the restorative justice framework of marine environmental public interest litigation, ecological restoration funds play a central role in compensating for and restoring damaged marine ecological interests. However, due to insufficient legislation and the absence of supporting mechanisms, these funds face numerous practical challenges in areas such as collection, deposit, approval, and utilization. To resolve these challenges, institutional responses are required at the legislative level: specific legislation should be enacted to clarify the legal status of these funds; a cross-departmental collaborative regulatory system characterized by “administrative leadership and judicial oversight” should be established; expert review and full-cycle budget audit mechanisms should be introduced to standardize fund usage; and a system of mandatory information disclosure and diversified public oversight should be built through digital platforms. These steps will ensure that marine ecological restoration funds are truly earmarked for their intended purposes and benefit the marine environment.