气候变化背景下老年群体高温风险及适老化政策应对

Heat Risks for Older Adults under Climate Change and Age-Friendly Policy Responses

摘要: 在气候变化加剧与人口老龄化深化的背景下，极端高温事件对老年群体健康与生活安全的影响日益突出。老年人因生理调节能力下降、慢性病负担较重，以及信息获取、社会支持和居住环境适应能力相对不足，在高温情境下面临更高风险。本文从老龄化与气候适应相结合的视角出发，运用文献分析和政策分析方法，梳理老年群体高温风险的主要表现，考察现行高温应对政策的适老化不足。研究发现，老年群体高温风险具有复合性和累积性特征，现有政策虽已形成以预警发布和应急响应为主的基本框架，但在重点人群识别、差异化支持和长期实践衔接方面仍显不足。基于此，应推动高温治理由事后处置转向前置识别，由同质化供给转向分层分类支持，并纳入老年友好型环境建设与协同治理框架。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of intensifying climate change and deepening population ageing, extreme heat events have increasingly threatened the health and daily safety of older adults. Owing to declining thermoregulatory capacity, a heavier burden of chronic diseases, and relatively limited access to information, social support, and adaptive living environments, older adults face heightened vulnerability under extreme heat conditions. From the perspective of linking ageing studies with climate adaptation, this paper employs literature review and policy analysis to examine the major manifestations of heat risks among older adults and to assess the inadequacies of existing policy responses in terms of age-friendliness. The study finds that heat risks among older adults are both cumulative and multidimensional. Although a basic governance framework centered on heat warnings and emergency response has been established, significant gaps remain in the identification of high-risk groups, differentiated support, and long-term institutional coordination. In response, heat governance should shift from ex post response to early risk identification, from homogeneous provision to stratified and targeted support, and should be incorporated into a broader framework of age-friendly environmental planning and collaborative governance.