“五育并举”的马克思主义人学渊源与实践意蕴

The Marxist Anthropological Origins and Practical Implications of “Educating Five Domains Simultaneously”

摘要: “五育并举”的理论根基与马克思主义“人的全面发展”学说存在深层逻辑关联。研究立足马克思主义经典著作，从劳动能力、社会关系、自由个性三个维度系统阐释人的全面发展理论的核心要义。研究发现，“五育并举”在价值目标上继承了马克思主义关于人的全面发展的理想追求，在内容维度上实现了经典理论的具体化。同时，研究引入张力分析视角，揭示了“五育并举”在推进过程中面临的四重现实挑战。基于理论分析与现实诊断，研究从融合育人体系构建、课程教学优化、综合评价机制完善、条件保障健全四个维度提出系统化的实践路径。“五育并举”不是对马克思主义理论的简单套用，而是在继承精髓基础上的创造性转化与时代创新，它为在中国特色社会主义条件下探索人的相对全面发展提供了制度框架与实践方向。

Abstract: The theoretical foundation of “Educating Five Domains Simultaneously” shares a deep logical connection with the Marxist doctrine of the “all-round development of human beings.” Grounded in Marxist classics, this study systematically elaborates the core tenets of the theory of all-round human development from three dimensions: labor capacity, social relations, and free individuality. The study finds that “Educating Five Domains Simultaneously” inherits the ideal pursuit of Marxist all-round human development in terms of value goals, while concretizing classical theory in terms of content dimensions. At the same time, introducing a tension analysis perspective, the study reveals four practical challenges confronting the implementation of “Educating Five Domains Simultaneously.” Based on theoretical analysis and practical diagnosis, the study proposes systematic practical pathways across four dimensions: constructing an integrated education system, optimizing curriculum and instruction, improving comprehensive evaluation mechanisms, and strengthening supporting conditions. “Educating Five Domains Simultaneously” is not a simplistic application of Marxist theory but a creative transformation and contemporary innovation built upon the essence of Marxist thought. It provides an institutional framework and practical direction for exploring the relative all-round development of human beings under the conditions of socialism with Chinese characteristics.