网络时代的汉语词类活用浅析

An Analysis of Chinese Lexical Activation in the Network Era

摘要: 汉语作为中华文化的载体，一直以其丰富的内涵和独特的魅力，深深地影响着我们的生活。而网络时代的快速发展使汉语的使用变得更加灵活和多样化，让我们不能忽视其带来的影响。本文以网络时代发生词类活用现象的汉语词为研究对象，主要以名词、动词、形容词为主，根据微博、小红书、知乎、豆瓣等不同类型网站上的网络语言关键词为语料，对不同词类的词类活用进行具体分析。主要描写了共时平面上名词的谓词化倾向和形容词与动词的互相转化，并总结出各类词从本身具有的语法功能向另一类词的语法功能过渡，继而完全具备另一类词的语法功能的转换路径，最后从省力性和类推性两个方面探讨出网络时代汉字活用的原因在于词类活用可以简化交流，通过语法功能类推，实现快速、简洁表达，提升沟通效率，使网络交流更为自如。

Abstract: As the treasure of our traditional culture, Chinese characters have been deeply influencing our life with their rich connotation and unique charm. With the rapid development of the network era, the emergence of network language has made the use of Chinese characters more flexible and diversified, so that we can’t ignore its influence. In addition, the popularization of network language also promotes the fusion among Chinese characters, so that some originally fading Chinese characters can be combined into new vocabularies, further enriching the connotation and expression of Chinese characters. This paper takes the Chinese letter words in which the phenomenon of lexical activation occurs in the network era as the research object, mainly focusing on nouns, verbs and adjectives, and takes the key words of network language on different types of websites such as news websites, forums and social software in recent years as the corpus, classifies lexical activation starting from different lexical categories, and specifically depicts the grammatical functions and semantic changes of the co-temporal plane of each type of Chinese activated words. Then, we summarize its development trajectory, and finally explore the reasons for Chinese lexical activation in the network era from the aspects of labor-saving and analogy.