《世说新语》反义复合词研究

A Study on Contrary Compound Words in “Shi Shuo Xin Yu”

摘要: 本文对《世说新语》62例反义复合词进行考察，发现中古汉语反义复合词以“N + N”模式为主，其次为“V + V”和“A + A”模式。通过古今词义对比分析，“N + N”“V + V”“A + A”模式的古今同义现象占比分别为66.67%、82.35%、93.33%，表明反义复合词发展以古今同义为主，且同义反义复合词多保留本义。古今异义反义复合词多因中古时期新义项随时代发展被新词替代，仅保留本义或常用义。其演变动因包括复音词发展提供结构基础、表达精细化推动义项增加、新词产生使引申义消失，回归本义。整体上呈现古今同义、传承有序的面貌，为中古汉语词汇历时演变研究提供重要参照。

Abstract: This article examines 62 instances of antonymic compound words in “Shiyu Xinzhu” and discovers that in Middle Chinese, antonymic compound words mainly follow the “N + N” pattern, followed by “V + V” and “A + A” patterns. Through comparative analysis of ancient and modern meanings, the proportions of ancient and modern synonyms in the “N + N”, “V + V”, and “A + A” patterns are 66.67%, 82.35%, and 93.33% respectively. This indicates that the development of antonymic compound words is mainly characterized by ancient and modern synonyms, and synonymous antonymic compound words often retain their original meanings. Ancient and modern antonymic compound words with different meanings are mostly replaced by new words as they evolve, retaining only their original or common meanings or disappearing due to the emergence of new words and the disappearance of their extended meanings. The factors contributing to their evolution include the development of compound words providing a structural basis, the refinement of expression promoting the increase of meaning items, and the emergence of new words causing the disappearance of extended meanings and returning to the original meanings. Overall, it presents a pattern of ancient and modern synonyms and orderly inheritance, providing an important reference for the study of the diachronic evolution of Middle Chinese vocabulary.