儿童纵隔肿瘤发生严重气道压迫的危险因素分析及护理对策

Analysis of Risk Factors and Nursing Strategies for Severe Airway Compression in Pediatric Mediastinal Tumors

摘要: 目的：探究儿童纵隔肿瘤发生严重气道压迫的危险因素分析及护理对策。方法：本研究收治时间点在2024年5月至2025年8月，并进行前瞻性研究，纳入对象为纵隔肿瘤患儿共50例，根据其是否发生严重气道压迫分组，其中无气道压迫40例、有气道压迫10例，对其发生气道压迫的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果：将单因素分析结果中存在显著意义的自变量进行多因素分析，结果显示，术前存在适应性体位和主气管受压是患儿出现严重气道压迫的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。结论：儿童纵隔肿瘤发生严重气道压迫的危险因素包括适应性体位、主气管受压，明确相关因素后开展针对性的护理对策，能保障患儿的健康安全，还可改善其预后。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the risk factors for severe airway compression in children with mediastinal tumors and propose nursing countermeasures. Methods: Prospective study was conducted from May 2024 to August 2025, enrolling 50 children with mediastinal tumors. The subjects were grouped according to whether they developed severe airway compression, with 40 cases without airway compression and 10 cases with airway compression. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for airway compression. Results: Multivariate analysis was conducted on independent variables with significant differences in the univariate analysis. The results showed that preoperative adaptive positioning and compression of the main bronchus were independent risk factors for severe airway compression in children (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The risk factors for severe airway compression children with mediastinal tumors include adaptive positioning and compression of the main bronchus. Implementing targeted nursing countermeasures based on these factors can ensure the health and safety of children and improve their prognosis.