选择性注意和韵律特征对听觉内隐学习的影响

The Influence of Selective Attention and Prosodic Features on Auditory Implicit Learning

摘要: 研究者从内隐学习的角度出发，采用限定状态人工语法范式和双耳分听技术，考察选择性注意和韵律特征对听觉内隐学习的影响。实验1采用单因素被试间设计，变量为材料类型，以判断材料规则的正确率作为内隐学习的程度，并为实验2提供比较基线；实验2采用2 × 2实验设计，探究材料韵律特征的有无是否会影响选择性注意对听觉内隐学习的作用。实验1结果显示，双耳同时呈现相同且有韵律的学习材料时，两种学习材料下被试的判断正确率均高于随机水平，材料类型主效应不显著，听觉内隐学习需要选择性注意，材料类型对听觉内隐学习效果无影响。实验2结果显示，双耳呈现材料不同时，韵律特征有无会影响选择性注意对听觉内隐学习的作用。

Abstract: The present study employed a limited-state artificial grammar paradigm and binaural listening techniques to investigate the effects of selective attention and prosodic features on auditory implicit learning. Experiment 1 utilized a single-factor between-subjects design with material type as the variable. The accuracy of rule judgment was used to measure the degree of implicit learning and to establish a baseline for comparison in Experiment 2. Experiment 2 employed a 2 × 2 experimental design to investigate whether the presence or absence of prosodic features in the materials affects the role of selective attention in auditory implicit learning. In Experiment 1, when identical materials with prosodic features were presented binaurally and simultaneously, judgment accuracies for both material types were above chance level. The non-significant main effect of material type suggests that auditory implicit learning relies on selective attention, while material type has no impact on learning outcomes. Experiment 2 revealed that when binaurally presented materials differed, the presence or absence of prosodic features modulated the effect of selective attention on auditory implicit learning.