RCEP框架下中国水果出口竞争力与互补性研究——以HS 0808类水果为例

A Study on the Competitiveness and Complementarity of China’s Fruit Exports under the RCEP Framework—Taking Fruits Classified under HS 0808 as an Example

摘要: 《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)的生效为区域水果贸易带来了新格局。文章基于UN Comtrade数据，运用IMS、RCA、CA及TCI指数测度中国对RCEP成员国HS 0808类(鲜苹果、梨及榅桲)水果的出口竞争力与互补性。研究发现：中国在该类水果保持较强比较优势，其RCA值主要处于1.07~1.50区间，但是净竞争优势近年呈减弱趋势。中国水果出口的市场结构呈现分层特征，其中与新西兰、日本等国竞争明显，与菲律宾、印尼、马来西亚等国家则呈现出稳定的贸易互补性(TCI > 1)。文章建议优化出口结构、拓展多元化品类并强化区域协同以提升中国在RCEP市场的持续竞争力。

Abstract: The entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) has ushered in a new landscape for regional fruit trade. Based on UN Comtrade data, this article employs IMS, RCA, CA, and TCI indices to measure China’s export competitiveness and complementarity regarding HS 0808 fruits (fresh apples, pears, and quinces) to RCEP member countries. The study finds that China maintains a strong comparative advantage in this fruit category, with RCA values primarily ranging from 1.07 to 1.50; however, its net competitive advantage has shown a declining trend in recent years. The market structure of China’s fruit exports exhibits a stratified pattern, with significant competition against countries such as New Zealand and Japan, while stable trade complementarity (TCI > 1) is observed with countries including the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The paper recommends optimizing the export structure, expanding product diversification, and strengthening regional coordination to enhance China’s sustained competitiveness in the RCEP market.