不同施肥模式对山东烟区丘陵砂质土烟草农艺性状影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Agronomic Traits of Tobacco Grown in Hilly Sandy Soil of Shandong Tobacco-Producing Areas

摘要: 为探究不同施肥模式对山东丘陵砂质烟区烤烟农艺性状的影响，明确水肥一体化与控释肥的改良效果，以莒南、沂源两地烤烟为研究对象，比较常规施肥、控释肥、水肥一体化对团棵期、旺长期、成熟期株高、茎围、叶长、叶宽的影响。结果表明：3种施肥模式下烟株农艺性状均呈“团棵期低–旺长期快增–成熟期稳定”的趋势；与常规施肥相比，水肥一体化处理成熟期株高、茎围、叶长、叶宽分别提高9.79%、7.66%、2.34%、6.04%，控释肥处理分别提高4.62%、3.96%、−2.48%、1.88%；全生育期综合表现为水肥一体化 > 控释肥 > 常规施肥。这充分证实水肥一体化能精准匹配烟株养分需求，显著促进茎秆健壮与叶片伸展，是砂质烟区提升烤烟农艺性状的最优模式。

Abstract: To investigate the effects of different fertilization modes on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco in hilly sandy soil areas of Shandong Province, and clarify the improvement effects of integrated water-fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer, flue-cured tobacco in Junan and Yiyuan was used as research material. The plant height, stem girth, leaf length, and leaf width at the rosette stage, fast-growing stage, and maturity stage were compared among conventional fertilization, controlled-release fertilization, and integrated water-fertilizer. The results showed that the agronomic traits of tobacco under three fertilization modes all showed a trend of “low at the rosette stage, rapid increase at the fast-growing stage, and stable at the maturity stage”. Compared with conventional fertilization, plant height, stem girth, leaf length, and leaf width of integrated water-fertilizer at the maturity stage increased by 9.79%, 7.66%, 2.34% and 6.04%, respectively, and those of controlled-release fertilizer increased by 4.62%, 3.96%, −2.48%, and 1.88%, respectively. The comprehensive performance in the whole growth period was integrated water-fertilizer > controlled-release fertilizer > conventional fertilization. This fully confirms that integrated water-fertilizer can accurately match the nutrient demand of tobacco, significantly promote stem robustness and leaf expansion, and is the optimal mode to improve agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco in sandy soil areas.