现代农业产业园利益联结机制与农户增收效应研究——基于产业集聚视角的理论阐释与山东省金乡县的分析

Research on the Interest Linkage Mechanism of Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks and the Effect on Farmers’ Income Increase—Theoretical Explication Based on the Perspective of Industrial Agglomeration and Analysis of Jinxiang County, Shandong Province

摘要: 在全面推进乡村振兴与加快农业农村现代化的战略背景下，现代农业产业园作为推进农业供给侧结构性改革的关键抓手，其核心使命不仅在于实现产业的集聚与升级，更在于通过构建高效的利益联结机制，实现小农户与现代农业发展的有机衔接，进而推动农民收入持续稳定增长。然而，当前部分园区建设存在重视硬件投入而忽视软性机制构建的结构性失衡，利益联结机制松散，导致农户难以充分获得全产业链增值收益。文章基于产业集聚理论与交易费用理论，构建现代农业产业园促进农民增收的理论分析框架，并以首批国家现代农业产业园——山东省金乡县国家现代农业产业园为案例，利用实地调研数据与官方统计资料，深入剖析园区“联农带农”的运行机理、增收成效及主要制约因素。研究表明：现代农业产业园通过产业链延伸、要素集聚与资源资产化三条路径，显著重塑了农户的收入结构，工资性收入与财产性收入已成为主要的增收来源，而农业经营性收入占比相对下降；现行利益联结机制在应对市场剧烈波动及分配深加工环节高额利润方面仍显不足。基于此，文章提出构建全产业链增值收益共享机制、提升非农就业质量及深化农村要素市场化改革等政策建议，以期为完善我国现代农业产业园的高质量发展提供理论支撑与决策参考。

Abstract: Against the strategic background of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization, Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks (MAIPs) serve as a key grasp for advancing the supply-side structural reform of agriculture. Their core mission lies not only in achieving industrial agglomeration and upgrading but also in realizing the organic connection between smallholders and modern agricultural development by building efficient interest linkage mechanisms, thereby promoting the sustained and stable growth of farmers’ income. However, current park construction exhibits a structural imbalance that prioritizes hardware investment over soft mechanism construction. The interest linkage mechanisms are often loose, making it difficult for farmers to fully share in the value-added benefits of the whole industry chain. Based on industrial agglomeration theory and transaction cost theory, this paper constructs a theoretical framework for analyzing how MAIPs promote farmers’ income. Taking the Jinxiang County National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park in Shandong Province—one of the first batch of national MAIPs—as a case study, and utilizing field survey data and official statistics, this paper deeply analyzes the operation mechanism, income-generating effects, and main constraints of the park’s “linking agriculture and leading farmers” initiative. The research indicates that: Through three paths—industrial chain extension, factor agglomeration, and resource capitalization—MAIPs have significantly reshaped the income structure of farmers, with wage income and property income becoming the main sources of income growth, while the proportion of agricultural operating income has relatively declined; The existing interest linkage mechanism remains insufficient in coping with severe market fluctuations and distributing high profits from the deep processing sector. Based on this, the paper proposes policy recommendations such as building a sharing mechanism for value-added benefits across the whole industry chain, improving the quality of non-farm employment, and deepening the market-oriented reform of rural factors, with a view to providing theoretical support and decision-making references for improving the high-quality development of modern agricultural industrial parks in China.