宜阳莲庄方言单字调实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Tones of Single Characters in the Yiyang Lianzhuang Dialect

摘要: 河南宜阳方言属于中原官话洛嵩片，该研究采用声学实验方法，对河南宜阳莲庄方言的单字调系统进行了三代人(老、中、青)的共时调查与分析。研究对象为26位本地发音人。研究发现：宜阳方言有4个声调，阴平44、阳平552、上声53、去声51。其中，阳平、上声、去声为降调，且三代人之间较为一致。阴平调在不同代际中出现分化趋势：老年组部分表现为“凸调”(454)，中年组以“平调”(44)为主，青年组出现“升调”(如23、24)。阳平(552)和去声(51)虽然调值相近，但其调型(高弯降 vs. 高直降)存在差异。

Abstract: The Yiyang dialect of Henan belongs to the Luosong subgroup of the Central Plains Mandarin. This study employed acoustic experimental methods to conduct a synchronic investigation and analysis of the monosyllabic tone system in the Lianzhuang dialect of Yiyang, covering three generations (elderly, middle-aged, and young). The research involved 26 local speakers. The findings revealed that the Yiyang dialect has four tones: Yinping (44), Yangping (552), Shangsheng (53), and Qusheng (51). Among these, Yangping, Shangsheng, and Qusheng are falling tones, showing relative consistency across generations. The Yinping tone exhibited a differentiation trend across generations: the elderly group predominantly displayed a “convex tone” (454), the middle-aged group was primarily characterized by a “level tone” (44), while the young group showed a “rising tone” (e.g., 23, 24). Although Yangping (552) and Qusheng (51) share similar tone values, their tonal patterns (high-bend falling vs. high-straight falling) differ.