面向绿色农业的节能减阻型铧式犁设计与性能分析

Design and Performance Analysis of an Energy-Saving and Drag-Reducing Moldboard Plow for Green Agriculture

摘要: 针对传统铧式犁在农田耕作中存在牵引阻力大、燃油消耗高、整机质量大、耕作适应性差及作业稳定性不足等问题，文章设计了一种以节能减排为目标的节能减阻型铧式犁。采用水平直元线法对犁体曲面进行流线型参数化优化，利用钢铝复合轻量化机架结构，设计自适应弹性仿形与过载保护机构，并选用耐磨减阻专用材料，实现降低耕作阻力、减轻整机质量、减少能耗的综合目标。理论分析与性能核算表明，优化后铧式犁的牵引阻力降低18%以上，整机质量降低15%以上，单位面积燃油消耗降低15%~18%，碎土率、耕深稳定性、植被覆盖率等作业性能均优于GB/T 14225-2008的要求，能够适应多种土壤类型与秸秆还田作业。该设计结构简单、制造成本低、实用性强，符合绿色农业与低碳农机的发展方向，可为农业耕作装备的节能化改进提供参考。

Abstract: To solve the problems of high traction resistance, high fuel consumption, excessive self-weight, poor adaptability, and insufficient operational stability of traditional moldboard plows in farmland cultivation, this paper designs a new energy-saving and drag-reducing moldboard plow aimed at energy conservation and emission reduction. The horizontal generatrix method was employed for streamlined parametric optimization of the plow surface. A lightweight steel-aluminum composite frame structure was adopted. An adaptive elastic profiling and overload protection mechanism was designed. Special wear-resistant and drag-reducing materials were selected to achieve the comprehensive goals of reducing traction resistance, lowering overall machine weight, and decreasing energy consumption. Theoretical analysis and performance evaluation indicate that the optimized moldboard plow reduces traction resistance by over 18%, decreases overall machine weight by more than 15%, and lowers fuel consumption per unit area by 15% to 18%. The soil fragmentation rate, plowing depth stability, and vegetation coverage rate all meet the requirements of GB/T 14225-2008. It can adapt to various soil types and straw returning operations. The design features a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and strong practicality, aligning with the development direction of green agriculture and low-carbon agricultural machinery, providing a reference for the energy-saving improvement of agricultural cultivation equipment.