数据财产权益的反不正当竞争法保护问题研究

Research on the Protection of Data Property Rights and Interests under the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

摘要: 作为新型生产要素，数据财产权益已成为数字经济时代的核心驱动力。与此同时，因争抢数据财产权益引发的纠纷日益增多。在数据权属和相关规则尚不清晰的情况下，我国司法实践多采用归入《反不正当竞争法》的行为规制模式。《反不正当竞争法》作为行为规制模式契合了数据财产权益的场景化保护需求，相较于成本高昂的权利保护模式有其现实可行性。现行司法实践中多援引《反不正当竞争法》一般条款、商业秘密条款及互联网专条，但仍存在界定不清等问题。综合域内外经验，为更好保护数据财产权益，应对现有条款进行完善，增设数据专条，以实现数据要素有序流通。

Abstract: As a new type of production factor, data property rights and interests have become a core driving force in the era of the digital economy. At the same time, disputes arising from the competition for data property rights and interests are increasing. In the case of unclear data ownership and related rules, China’s judicial practice mostly adopts the behavioral regulation model categorized under the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law”. This behavioral regulation model under the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law” aligns with the scenario-specific protection needs of data property rights and is practically feasible compared with the high-cost rights protection model. In the current judicial practice, the general provisions of the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law”, the provisions on trade secrets, and the special provisions on the Internet are often cited, but there are still problems, such as unclear definitions. Drawing on both domestic and international experience, to better protect the rights and interests of data property, the existing provisions should be improved, and a special article on data should be added, so as to realize the orderly circulation of data elements.