《洞口县柑橘黄龙病防治技术规范》实施效果

Implementation Effect of “Technical Specification for Huanglongbing Prevention and Control of Citrus in Dongkou County”

摘要: 蜜桔产业是湖南省洞口县农业经济的重要支柱。全县蜜桔种植面积216,376亩，年产量154,688吨，年产值10.453亿元，蜜桔产值占农业总产值68.289亿元的15.3%。而柑橘黄龙病是由亚洲韧皮部杆菌引起的毁灭性病害，通过柑橘木虱传播，导致叶片斑驳黄化、果实畸形(“红鼻果”)，严重减产减收，果品质量下降，染病后2~3年果园可能绝收。洞口县于2023年制订了《洞口县柑橘黄龙病防治技术规范》。该规范实施后成效显著，2024年受防橘园的百梢木虱虫量已控制在1头以下，远低于失管橘园6至20头的水平。2024年至2025年处理黄龙病病树年均6362株，占柑橘总株数的0.05%，占比分别较2018年、2022年降低1.19、0.17个百分点，财政补贴资金投入年均14.94万元，分别较2018年、2022年降低1371.2%、425.8%，处理病株柑橘面积年均105.5亩，分别较2018年、2022年减少2176.8%、337.9%。上述数据表明，防治技术规范的实施效果突出，可供农业同行参考。

Abstract: The honey tangerine industry is a vital pillar of the agricultural economy in Dongkou County, Hunan Province. Dongkou County has a honey tangerine cultivation area of 216,376 mu, an annual output of 154,688 tons, and an annual output value of 1.0453 billion yuan, accounting for 15.3% of the total agricultural output value of 6.8289 billion yuan. Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and transmitted by citrus psyllids, leads to mottled yellowing of leaves, fruit deformation (“red-nosed fruit”), severe yield reduction, quality decline, and potential total crop failure within 2~3 years after infection. In 2023, Dongkou County formulated the “Technical Specifications for Huanglongbing Prevention and Control in Dongkou County”. After the implementation of these specifications, the citrus psyllid population in treated orchards in 2024 was controlled below 1 per hundred shoots, significantly lower than the 6~20 level in unmanaged orchards. From 2024 to 2025, an average of 6362 HLB-infected trees were treated annually, accounting for 0.05% of the total citrus trees—a 1.19 and 0.17 percentage point decrease compared to 2018 and 2022, respectively. Annual fiscal subsidy funds averaged 149,400 yuan, dropping by 1371.2% and 425.8% compared to 2018 and 2022. The treated citrus area averaged 105.5 mu annually, decreasing by 2176.8% and 337.9% compared to 2018 and 2022, respectively. These data demonstrate the outstanding effectiveness of the implemented technical specifications and may serve as a reference for agricultural practitioners.