电加热技术在稠油热采开发中的应用研究
Research on the Application of Electric Heating Technology in Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery Development
DOI: 10.12677/jogt.2026.482020, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 刘玄诗, 汪煣雪, 朱荣升, 吴 彬, 张韶田：重庆科技大学石油与天然气工程学院，重庆
关键词: 电加热技术；稠油热采；提高采收率；电阻加热；Electric Heating Technology； Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery； Enhanced Oil Recovery； Resistance Heating
摘要: 我国稠油资源丰富且普遍具有胶质含量高、原油黏度大、地下流动性差的特征，采用传统蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱等热采技术开发时，普遍存在注汽过程热损失大、能耗与碳排放高等问题，在“双碳”战略背景下，提倡绿色高效的稠油开发技术。本文系统调研了电加热技术在稠油热采开发中的应用研究，阐述了油藏电加热技术的基本原理与核心特点，分类解析了电阻加热、电磁感应加热微波加热三类技术的作用原理、性能优势与适用场景，对比了电加热技术与传统热采技术的差异，明确了该技术在油藏适配性、热利用效率、低碳环保等方面的突出优势。结合现场应用案例，分析了不同电加热技术在不同类型稠油油藏中的应用差异与适配条件，探讨了加热功率、加热温度、油藏地质条件、设备性能等关键参数对开发效果的影响规律。同时，总结了当前电加热技术在设备要求、工程实施、应用经济性等方面的核心问题，提出了技术优化、经济降本等针对性改进措施，研究成果可为稠油热采电加热技术的现场应用与技术创新提供理论参考与实践支撑。
Abstract: My country has abundant heavy oil resources, which are generally characterized by high gum content, high crude oil viscosity, and poor underground fluidity. When using traditional thermal recovery technologies such as steam injection and steam drive, there are generally problems such as large heat loss, high energy consumption, and high carbon emissions during the steam injection process. Under the background of the “dual carbon” strategy, green and efficient heavy oil development technologies are advocated. This paper systematically investigates the application research of electric heating technology in heavy oil thermal recovery. It elucidates the basic principles and core characteristics of reservoir electric heating technology, and categorizes and analyzes the working principles, performance advantages, and applicable scenarios of three types of technologies: resistance heating, electromagnetic induction heating, and microwave heating. The differences between electric heating technology and traditional thermal recovery technologies are compared, highlighting the significant advantages of electric heating technology in reservoir adaptability, thermal utilization efficiency, and low-carbon environmental protection. Based on field application cases, the paper analyzes the application differences and adaptation conditions of different electric heating technologies in different types of heavy oil reservoirs, and explores the influence of key parameters such as heating power, heating temperature, reservoir geological conditions, and equipment performance on development results. Furthermore, it summarizes the core issues of current electric heating technology in terms of equipment requirements, engineering implementation, and application economy, and proposes targeted improvement measures such as technology optimization and cost reduction. The research results can provide theoretical reference and practical support for the field application and technological innovation of electric heating technology in heavy oil thermal recovery.
文章引用：刘玄诗, 汪煣雪, 朱荣升, 吴彬, 张韶田. 电加热技术在稠油热采开发中的应用研究[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2026, 48(2): 177-187. https://doi.org/10.12677/jogt.2026.482020

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