离心和抽滤对高盐度海冰脱盐的影响
Effects of Centrifugation and Suction Filtration on the Desalination of High-Salinity Sea Ice
DOI: 10.12677/aep.2026.166103, PDF,   
作者: 胡 涛：烟台大学土木工程学院，山东 烟台
关键词: 浓海水；离心融化；抽滤融化；粉碎；Concentrated Seawater； Centrifugal Melting； Suction Filtration Melting； Crushed Ice
摘要: 海水淡化过程中产生的浓海水(海水经淡化处理后被浓缩的部分)处理不当，会对生态环境造成破坏。本研究通过对模拟浓海水进行处理，研究了浓海水冻融过程中冰不同形态(整块冰、粉碎冰)及外部环境条件影响下对浓海水中TDS和盐度的影响。结果表明，在−20℃下冷冻浓海水，待结冰体积为40%时取出，在前期融化过程中，粉碎冰中TDS和盐度去除率优于自然融化融化(63.91%和68.49%)去除的效果，去除率提高了8.34%和7.73%。离心融化中TDS和盐度的去除率优于抽滤融化(72.50%和76.58%)，且去除率比自然融化提高了12.28%和9.87%。两种融化方式对离子去除效率依次为粉碎–离心融化 > 粉碎–抽滤融化 > 自然冰融化。为冻融法海水淡化的应用提供数据支持。
Abstract: Improper disposal of concentrated seawater (the concentrated portion produced during seawater desalination) can cause ecological damage. In this study, simulated concentrated seawater was treated to investigate the effects of different ice forms (intact ice, crushed ice) and external environmental conditions on the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity during the freeze–thaw process. The concentrated seawater was frozen at −20˚C, and the ice was harvested when the ice volume reached 40%. During the early melting stage, the TDS and salinity removal rates from crushed ice were higher than those achieved by natural melting of intact ice (63.91% and 68.49%, respectively), with increases of 8.34% and 7.73%. The TDS and salinity removal rates obtained by centrifugal melting were superior to those obtained by suction filtration melting (72.50% and 76.58%, respectively), and they were 12.28% and 9.87% higher than those of natural melting. The ion removal efficiency of the different treatments followed the order: crushed ice-centrifugal melting > crushed ice-suction filtration melting > natural ice melting. This study provides data support for the application of freeze-thaw desalination.
文章引用：胡涛. 离心和抽滤对高盐度海冰脱盐的影响[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2026, 16(6): 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2026.166103

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