网络暴力的法律定性与民事救济路径

Legal Characterization of Cyber Violence and Channels for Civil Relief

摘要: 网络暴力是信息网络时代突出的侵权现象，本质为借助网络实施的侮辱、诽谤、隐私泄露等侵害他人人格权益的违法行为。文章以民事法律规制为核心，结合《民法典》及相关指导意见，明确网络暴力的法律定义、特征与侵权类型，厘清其与合法言论的边界，解析侵权责任构成要件。在此基础上，构建事前预防、事中制止、事后追责的全流程民事救济体系，提出完善证据规则、强化平台责任、优化诉讼程序的具体建议，为受害人提供高效可操作的维权方案，促进网络空间秩序与人格权益保护的动态平衡。

Abstract: Cyber violence is a prominent tort phenomenon in the information network era, essentially an illegal act of infringing on others’ personality rights, such as insult, slander, and privacy disclosure through the Internet. Focusing on civil legal regulation, this paper combines the Civil Code and relevant normative documents to clarify the legal definition, characteristics, and tort types of cyber violence, distinguish its boundary from legitimate speech, and analyze the constitutive elements of tort liability. On this basis, it constructs a whole-process civil relief system including pre-prevention, in-process suppression, and post-accountability, and puts forward specific suggestions for improving evidence rules, strengthening platform responsibilities, and optimizing litigation procedures, so as to provide an efficient and operable rights protection scheme for victims and promote the dynamic balance between cyberspace order and personality right protection.