基于ANSYS的某电动汽车车架结构有限元分析及优化设计

Finite Element Analysis and Structural Optimization of an Electric Vehicle Frame Based on ANSYS

摘要: 本研究基于ANSYS，对某款电动汽车车架进行了有限元建模与力学性能分析。将车架结构划分为车顶、A/B/C柱和车底架三大部分，分别建立相应的有限元模型并进行载荷工况下的受力仿真分析。分析结果显示：车顶与A/B/C柱在极端载荷条件下仍能保持良好的结构刚度与强度，整体结构安全性较高；但车底架前部出现了较大的变形和明显的应力集中，成为整车架构的薄弱区域。在不改变材料的前提下，通过在局部区域增设加强梁及调整车底架后部结构布局，减小最大变形和应力，同时实现了整车架的轻量化设计。优化后，最大位移减少约0.5208 × 10⁻⁴ m，最大应力降低约7.926 × 10⁶ Pa，整体质量减轻10.52 kg，最终车架重量为353.41 kg，充分验证了本次结构优化方案的有效性与可行性。

Abstract: This This study utilizes ANSYS to perform finite element modeling and mechanical performance analysis on the frame of a specific electric vehicle. The frame structure is divided into three main parts: the roof, A/B/C pillars, and the underframe. Corresponding finite element models were established for each section, and simulations were conducted under load conditions. The analysis results indicate that the roof and A/B/C pillars maintain good structural stiffness and strength even under extreme loading conditions, demonstrating high overall structural safety. However, significant deformation and noticeable stress concentration were observed in the front part of the underframe, identifying it as a weak area of the entire frame structure. Without changing the material, local reinforcements were added and the layout of the rear underframe structure was adjusted, effectively reducing the maximum deformation and stress while achieving a lightweight design for the vehicle frame. After optimization, the maximum displacement decreased by approximately 0.5208 × 10⁻⁴ m, the maximum stress was reduced by about 7.926 × 10⁶ Pa, and the overall weight was reduced by 10.52 kg, resulting in a final frame weight of 353.41 kg. These results fully verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed structural optimization scheme.