银发经济背景下社区助餐服务的供需适配问题研究——以济南市社区长者食堂为例

Research on the Supply Demand Adaptation of Community Meal Assistance Services in the Context of the Silver Economy—A Case Study of Community Senior Canteens in Jinan

摘要: 在银发经济持续发展的背景下，社区助餐服务逐步由传统养老服务体系中的基础保障环节转化为连接老年消费需求、社区养老供给与基层资源整合的重要场景。本文以济南市社区长者食堂为研究对象，基于国家与地方政策文本、地方实践材料以及相关学术研究，从供给侧与需求侧两个维度考察社区助餐服务的供需适配状况。研究发现，济南市已形成由社区老年食堂、助餐服务站、社会餐饮主体参与、送餐上门与移动助餐等共同构成的多元化助餐供给网络，并通过分类补贴、流量补贴、信息化管理与规范化监管等措施增强制度保障。该体系在提升基础就餐可及性、降低用餐成本和拓展服务方式等方面取得了较为明显的成效，但仍存在布局覆盖与实际可达性不完全一致、标准化供给与差异化需求衔接不足、公益导向与运营持续性之间张力较大、需求识别与反馈机制不够健全等问题。由此可见，银发经济背景下社区助餐服务的发展重点，已经由数量扩张转向结构优化，由基础保障转向精准供给与持续运营。基于此，本文提出应通过强化需求分层识别、优化服务网络结构、完善运营激励机制和推动助餐场景复合化，提升社区助餐服务的适配水平与发展韧性。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the sustained development of the silver economy, community meal assistance services are gradually shifting from a basic support link in the traditional elderly care system to an important scene that connects elderly consumption demand, community based care supply, and grassroots resource integration. Taking community senior canteens in Jinan as the research object, this paper examines the supply demand adaptation of community meal assistance services from both the supply side and the demand side on the basis of national and local policy documents, local practice materials, and related academic studies. The study finds that Jinan has initially formed a diversified supply network composed of community senior canteens, meal assistance stations, the participation of social catering entities, home delivery, and mobile meal assistance, and has strengthened institutional support through classified subsidies, traffic based subsidies, information management, and standardized supervision. This system has achieved notable results in improving the accessibility of basic meals, reducing meal costs, and expanding service modes. However, it still faces several constraints, including the inconsistency between spatial coverage and actual accessibility, the insufficient connection between standardized supply and differentiated demand, the tension between public welfare orientation and sustainable operation, and the weakness of demand identification and feedback mechanisms. Therefore, the focus of community meal assistance services in the context of the silver economy has shifted from quantitative expansion to structural optimization, and from basic support to precise supply and sustainable operation. On this basis, this paper proposes that the adaptability and resilience of community meal assistance services should be improved by strengthening layered demand identification, optimizing the service network structure, improving operational incentives, and promoting the functional integration of meal assistance scenarios.